Peters E M J, Raap U, Welker P, Tanaka A, Matsuda H, Pavlovic-Masnicosa S, Hendrix S, Pincelli C
Cutaneous Psychoneuroimmunology, Internal Medicine - Psychosomatics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Horm Metab Res. 2007 Feb;39(2):110-24. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-961812.
Neurotrophins regulate cutaneous innervation, act as growth and motility factors on structural skin cells such as keratinocytes and fibroblasts, modulate cutaneous immune function and even serve as stress mediators in skin biology. The multilayered neurotrophin interaction with skin biology through high affinity specific tyrosinekinase receptors and the Janus-faced p75 receptor, which depending on ligand and co-receptor expression can serve as a low-affinity pan-neurotrophin receptor or a high affinity proneurotrophin receptor, guaranties this neuroendocrine peptide family a central position in the control of skin homeostasis in health and disease. It is a challenging task for future research efforts to integrate our knowledge on differential neurotrophin expression patterns and signaling pathways into complex concepts of neuroendocrine tissue remodeling and pathogenetic processes. In addition, we need to improve our understanding of the role of neurotrophin processing enzymes, associated co-receptors and intracellular adaptor molecules in specific cutaneous cell populations to design precise interaction tools for research and treatment. Such tools will allow us to utilize this ancient growth factor family in the management of neurotrophin responsive pathogenetic pathways and cutaneous diseases such as neurogenic inflammation, peripheral nerve degeneration, wound healing, atopic dermatitis or psoriasis.
神经营养因子调节皮肤神经支配，对结构皮肤细胞如角质形成细胞和成纤维细胞发挥生长和运动因子的作用，调节皮肤免疫功能，甚至在皮肤生物学中充当应激介质。神经营养因子通过高亲和力特异性酪氨酸激酶受体和具有两面性的p75受体与皮肤生物学进行多层次相互作用，这取决于配体和共受体的表达，其既可以作为低亲和力的泛神经营养因子受体，也可以作为高亲和力的前神经营养因子受体，这确保了这个神经内分泌肽家族在健康和疾病状态下皮肤稳态控制中的核心地位。将我们关于不同神经营养因子表达模式和信号通路的知识整合到神经内分泌组织重塑和致病过程的复杂概念中，是未来研究工作的一项具有挑战性的任务。此外，我们需要增进对神经营养因子加工酶、相关共受体和细胞内衔接分子在特定皮肤细胞群体中的作用的理解，以便设计用于研究和治疗的精确相互作用工具。这类工具将使我们能够在神经营养因子反应性致病途径和皮肤疾病如神经源性炎症、周围神经变性、伤口愈合、特应性皮炎或银屑病的管理中利用这个古老的生长因子家族。
