Gozuacik Devrim, Kimchi Adi
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2007;78:217-45. doi: 10.1016/S0070-2153(06)78006-1.
Autophagy is a physiological and evolutionarily conserved phenomenon maintaining homeostatic functions like protein degradation and organelle turnover. It is rapidly upregulated under conditions leading to cellular stress, such as nutrient or growth factor deprivation, providing an alternative source of intracellular building blocks and substrates for energy generation to enable continuous cell survival. Yet accumulating data provide evidence that the autophagic machinery can be also recruited to kill cells under certain conditions generating a caspase-independent form of programed cell death (PCD), named autophagic cell death. Due to increasing interest in nonapoptotic PCD forms and the development of mammalian genetic tools to study autophagy, autophagic cell death has achieved major prominence, and is recognized now as a legitimate alternative death pathway to apoptosis. This chapter aims at summarizing the recent data in the field of autophagy signaling and autophagic cell death.
自噬是一种生理上且在进化上保守的现象，维持着诸如蛋白质降解和细胞器更新等稳态功能。在导致细胞应激的条件下，如营养或生长因子剥夺，自噬会迅速上调，为细胞内结构单元和能量产生的底物提供替代来源，以确保细胞持续存活。然而，越来越多的数据表明，在某些条件下，自噬机制也可被用于杀死细胞，产生一种不依赖半胱天冬酶的程序性细胞死亡（PCD）形式，即自噬性细胞死亡。由于对非凋亡性PCD形式的兴趣日益增加以及用于研究自噬的哺乳动物遗传工具的发展，自噬性细胞死亡已备受关注，现在被认为是凋亡之外一种合理的替代性死亡途径。本章旨在总结自噬信号传导和自噬性细胞死亡领域的最新数据。
