Sasaki Takeshi, Yasukawa Yuichirou, Takahashi Kazuhiko, Miura Seiko, Shedlock Andrew M, Okada Norihiro
Department of Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.
Syst Biol. 2006 Dec;55(6):912-27. doi: 10.1080/10635150601058014.
The family Geoemydidae is one of three in the superfamily Testudinoidea and is the most diversified family of extant turtle species. The phylogenetic relationships in this family and among related families have been vigorously investigated from both morphological and molecular viewpoints. The evolutionary history of Geoemydidae, however, remains controversial. Therefore, to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of Geoemydidae and related species, we applied the SINE insertion method to investigate 49 informative SINE loci in 28 species. We detected four major evolutionary lineages (Testudinidae, Batagur group, Siebenrockiella group, and Geoemyda group) in the clade Testuguria (a clade of Geoemydidae + Testudinidae). All five specimens of Testudinidae form a monophyletic clade. The Batagur group comprises five batagurines. The Siebenrockiella group has one species, Siebenrockiella crassicollis. The Geoemyda group comprises 15 geoemydines (including three former batagurines, Mauremys reevesii, Mauremys sinensis, and Heosemys annandalii). Among these four groups, the SINE insertion patterns were inconsistent at four loci, suggesting that an ancestral species of Testuguria radiated and rapidly diverged into the four lineages during the initial stage of its evolution. Furthermore, within the Geoemyda group we identified three evolutionary lineages, namely Mauremys, Cuora, and Heosemys. The Heosemys lineage comprises Heosemys, Sacalia, Notochelys, and Melanochelys species, and its monophyly is a novel assemblage in Geoemydidae. Our SINE phylogenetic tree demonstrates extensive convergent morphological evolution between the Batagur group and the three species of the Geoemyda group, M. reevesii, M. sinensis, and H. annandalii.
潮龟科是龟鳖超科三个科之一，也是现存龟类物种中最多样化的科。从形态学和分子学角度对该科以及相关科之间的系统发育关系进行了深入研究。然而，潮龟科的进化历史仍存在争议。因此，为了阐明潮龟科及其相关物种的系统发育关系，我们应用短散在重复元件（SINE）插入法，对28个物种中的49个信息性SINE位点进行了研究。我们在Testuguria分支（潮龟科 + 陆龟科的一个分支）中检测到四个主要进化谱系（陆龟科、闭壳龟类群、粗颈龟类群和地龟类群）。陆龟科的所有五个标本形成一个单系类群。闭壳龟类群包括五种闭壳龟。粗颈龟类群有一个物种，即粗颈龟。地龟类群包括15种地龟亚科物种（包括三种原闭壳龟，即中华花龟、中华条颈龟和安南摄龟）。在这四个类群中，四个位点的SINE插入模式不一致，这表明Testuguria的一个祖先物种在其进化初期辐射并迅速分化为四个谱系。此外，在地龟类群中，我们识别出三个进化谱系，即花龟属、闭壳龟属和摄龟属。摄龟属谱系包括摄龟属、眼斑龟属、锯缘摄龟属和黑龟属物种，其单系性是潮龟科中的一个新组合。我们的SINE系统发育树表明，闭壳龟类群与地龟类群的三个物种，即中华花龟、中华条颈龟和安南摄龟之间存在广泛的趋同形态进化。
