Kłos Krzysztof, Kruszewski Jerzy, Kruszewski Robert, Sułek Kazimierz
Department of Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Military Institute of the Heath Service in Warsaw, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defence.
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2006 Nov;21(125):449-53.
of this study was to compare the effect of the following antihistamines: cetirizine 10mg, desloratadine 5mg, fexofenadine 120 and 180mg, levocetirizine 5mg, loratadine 10mg, and placebo, administered in the recommended doses over the period of 5 days, on the visually assessed histamine-induced skin reaction, using the Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF).
Forty two volunteers (aged 18-22) who gave a written consent before entering the study, were randomized in seven groups of six subjects each. The skin prick test with histamine solution of 10mg/ml was performed on the ventral forearm, 10 cm from the elbow, before and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, and 24 hours after drug administration, as well as once daily for the next 4 days of antihistamine drug or placebo intake, and 9 days following the treatment. Diameters of wheal and flare as well as the LDF index measured with Periflux PF3 flowmeter and skin probe, 5mm from the histamine-provoked area, were assessed 10 minutes after performing the above-mentioned skin prick test.
The current study revealed that during the 5-day treatment with recommended doses of cetirizine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, levocetirizine, and loratadine, a significant reduction of histamine-induced wheal, flare and the LDF index was observed as compared to the initial values and placebo intake, reaching the maximum value within the first 24 hours, weakening on the next day, and then gradually increasing during the following days. After the 5-day treatment drugs used for the study were lined up according to the volume of reduction in histamine-induced skin reaction (largest>smallest): levocetirizine > cetirizine > fexofenadine 180mg = fexofenadine 120mg > loratadine = desloratadine.
Following the end of the treatment, the effect of the antihistamines on skin reaction was subsiding in such an order: after 24 hours in case of loratadine and desloratadine, after two days for both doses of fexofenadine, and 3-4 days for cetirizine and levocetirizine.
10毫克西替利嗪、5毫克地氯雷他定、120毫克和180毫克非索非那定、5毫克左西替利嗪、10毫克氯雷他定以及安慰剂，在5天的时间里按照推荐剂量给药，使用激光多普勒血流仪（LDF）对组胺诱导的皮肤反应进行视觉评估。
42名志愿者（年龄在18 - 22岁之间）在进入研究前签署了书面同意书，被随机分为7组，每组6名受试者。在给药前以及给药后2、4、6、8、10、12、18和24小时，在距肘部10厘米的前臂内侧进行10毫克/毫升组胺溶液的皮肤点刺试验，在接下来服用抗组胺药或安慰剂的4天里每天进行一次，治疗后9天也进行一次。在进行上述皮肤点刺试验10分钟后，评估风团和红晕的直径以及用Periflux PF3血流仪和皮肤探头在距组胺激发区域5毫米处测量的LDF指数。
当前研究表明，在使用推荐剂量的西替利嗪、地氯雷他定、非索非那定、左西替利嗪和氯雷他定进行5天治疗期间，与初始值和服用安慰剂相比，组胺诱导的风团、红晕和LDF指数显著降低，在最初24小时内达到最大值，第二天减弱，随后在接下来的几天里逐渐增加。在5天治疗后，根据组胺诱导的皮肤反应减少量（最大>最小）对研究中使用的药物进行排序：左西替利嗪>西替利嗪>180毫克非索非那定 = 120毫克非索非那定>氯雷他定 = 地氯雷他定。
治疗结束后，抗组胺药对皮肤反应的作用按以下顺序消退：氯雷他定和地氯雷他定在24小时后，两种剂量的非索非那定在两天后，西替利嗪和左西替利嗪在3 - 4天后。
