van der Horst Dan
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
J Environ Manage. 2007 Dec;85(4):1076-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.11.034. Epub 2007 Mar 9.
GIS-based spatial targeting is increasingly recognised as a potentially useful tool to design more efficient policy interventions. The use of this tool has also been advocated in the context of incentive-based agri-environmental schemes, but there has been little work to date to estimate the level of efficiency gains which it may help to achieve. This paper investigates the requirements to arrive at such estimates, using a Scottish farm woodland scheme as a case study. This agri-environmental scheme aims to provide visual amenity and biodiversity. Maps of these two benefits are used to develop improved spatial targeting scenarios that deliver significant efficiency gains in comparison to the existing scheme design. The paper discusses the nature of the spatial distribution of the relevant benefits at the landscape scale and the data requirements for the realistic estimation of efficiency gains. It concludes that although much work needs to be done, the methods available today could and should play a much greater role in improving the landscape-scale design of existing land use schemes focused on the delivery of non-market benefits.
基于地理信息系统（GIS）的空间定位越来越被认为是设计更高效政策干预措施的潜在有用工具。在基于激励的农业环境计划中，也有人主张使用这一工具，但迄今为止，几乎没有研究来估算它可能有助于实现的效率提升水平。本文以苏格兰农场林地计划为例，研究得出此类估算所需的条件。该农业环境计划旨在提供视觉美感和生物多样性。利用这两种效益的地图来制定改进后的空间定位方案，与现有方案设计相比，可显著提高效率。本文讨论了景观尺度上相关效益的空间分布性质以及实际估算效率提升所需的数据要求。研究得出结论，尽管还有很多工作要做，但目前可用的方法能够且应该在改善侧重于提供非市场效益的现有土地利用计划的景观尺度设计方面发挥更大作用。
