Mestecky Jiri
Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Box 1, 845 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
J Reprod Immunol. 2007 Feb;73(1):86-97. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2007.01.006.
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) must be considered as a primarily mucosal disease. On a worldwide basis, the absolute majority of HIV infections occur through mucosal surfaces of the genital and intestinal tracts, and the earliest and most dramatic immunologic alterations are induced by the virus in mucosal tissues. However, individual compartments of mucosal components of the immune system display remarkable differences with respect to dominant antibody isotypes, virus phenotypes, densities and origins of cells involved in innate and specific immunity, presence or absence of inductive sites, and routes of immunizations that induce humoral and cellular responses. In this regard, the mucosal immune system of the female and male genital tracts exhibit several features which are distinct from other mucosal tissues, including dominance of the IgG isotype, local as well as pronounced systemic origin of antibodies, the absence of organized lymphoepithelial inductive sites and limited humoral responses stimulated by local antigen administration. Furthermore, it is evident that, irrespective of the route of infection, HIV-1 induces easily detectable IgG but not IgA specific antibody responses. These differences must be considered in the design of protective vaccines against infection with HIV and other agents of sexually transmitted diseases.
人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）感染必须被视为一种主要的黏膜疾病。在全球范围内，绝大多数HIV感染是通过生殖道和肠道的黏膜表面发生的，并且病毒在黏膜组织中诱导最早且最显著的免疫改变。然而，免疫系统黏膜成分的各个部分在主要抗体同种型、病毒表型、参与固有免疫和特异性免疫的细胞密度及来源、诱导部位的有无以及诱导体液和细胞反应的免疫途径方面存在显著差异。在这方面，女性和男性生殖道的黏膜免疫系统表现出一些与其他黏膜组织不同的特征，包括IgG同种型占优势、抗体的局部及明显的全身来源、缺乏有组织的淋巴上皮诱导部位以及局部抗原给药刺激的有限体液反应。此外，很明显，无论感染途径如何，HIV-1都能诱导易于检测到的IgG而非IgA特异性抗体反应。在设计针对HIV感染和其他性传播疾病病原体的保护性疫苗时，必须考虑这些差异。
