Titti Fausto, Cafaro Aurelio, Ferrantelli Flavia, Tripiciano Antonella, Moretti Sonia, Caputo Antonella, Gavioli Riccardo, Ensoli Fabrizio, Robert-Guroff Marjorie, Barnett Susan, Ensoli Barbara
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National AIDS Center, V.le Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy.
Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2007 Mar;12(1):23-48. doi: 10.1517/14728214.12.1.23.
According to recent estimates, 39.5 million people have been infected with HIV and 2.9 million have already died. The effect of HIV infection on individuals and communities is socially and economically devastating. Although antiretroviral drugs have had a dramatically beneficial impact on HIV-infected individuals who have access to treatment, it has had a negligible impact on the global epidemic. Therefore, the need for an efficacious HIV/AIDS vaccine remains the highest priority of the world HIV/AIDS agenda. The generation of a vaccine against HIV/AIDS has turned out to be extremely challenging, as indicated by > 20 years of unsuccessful attempts. This review discusses the major challenges in the field and key experimental evidence providing a rationale for the use of non-structural HIV proteins, such as Rev, Tat and Nef, either in the native form or expressed by viral vectors such as a replicating adeno-vector. These non-structural proteins alone or in combination with modified structural HIV-1 Env proteins represent a novel strategy for both preventative and therapeutic HIV/AIDS vaccine development.
据最近估计，3950万人感染了艾滋病毒，其中290万人已经死亡。艾滋病毒感染对个人和社区的影响在社会和经济方面具有毁灭性。尽管抗逆转录病毒药物对有机会接受治疗的艾滋病毒感染者产生了巨大的有益影响，但对全球疫情的影响微乎其微。因此，开发有效的艾滋病毒/艾滋病疫苗仍然是全球艾滋病毒/艾滋病议程的首要任务。事实证明，研发针对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的疫苗极具挑战性，20多年来的尝试均未成功。本综述讨论了该领域的主要挑战以及关键实验证据，这些证据为使用天然形式的或由复制腺病毒载体等病毒载体表达的Rev、Tat和Nef等非结构艾滋病毒蛋白提供了理论依据。这些非结构蛋白单独使用或与修饰的结构艾滋病毒-1 Env蛋白联合使用，代表了一种用于预防和治疗艾滋病毒/艾滋病疫苗开发的新策略。
