Herrstedt Jørn
Herlev Hospital, Onkologisk Afdeling R.
Ugeskr Laeger. 2007 Feb 26;169(9):799-805.
Patients consider nausea and vomiting among the worst side effects of chemotherapy. This paper reviews the development of antiemetics during the past 12 years, focusing on the neurokinin (NK)1-receptor antagonist, aprepitant, and the new 5-HT3-receptor antagonist palonosetron. Evidence-based recommendations for prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting are given. Antiemetics are effective in prevention of vomiting, but less effective against nausea. Therefore studies with potential new antiemetics, such as olanzapine and ghrelin are awaited with suspense.
患者认为恶心和呕吐是化疗最严重的副作用之一。本文回顾了过去12年中抗呕吐药物的发展，重点关注神经激肽（NK）1受体拮抗剂阿瑞匹坦和新型5-羟色胺（5-HT3）受体拮抗剂帕洛诺司琼。文中给出了基于循证医学的化疗所致恶心和呕吐预防建议。抗呕吐药物在预防呕吐方面有效，但对恶心的效果较差。因此，人们满怀期待地等待着有关潜在新型抗呕吐药物（如奥氮平和胃饥饿素）的研究结果。
