Passardi Filippo, Bakalovic Nenad, Teixeira Felipe Karam, Margis-Pinheiro Marcia, Penel Claude, Dunand Christophe
Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
Genomics. 2007 May;89(5):567-79. doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.01.006. Epub 2007 Mar 13.
Members of the superfamily of plant, fungal, and bacterial peroxidases are known to be present in a wide variety of living organisms. Extensive searching within sequencing projects identified organisms containing sequences of this superfamily. Class I peroxidases, cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP), ascorbate peroxidase (APx), and catalase peroxidase (CP), are known to be present in bacteria, fungi, and plants, but have now been found in various protists. CcP sequences were detected in most mitochondria-possessing organisms except for green plants, which possess only ascorbate peroxidases. APx sequences had previously been observed only in green plants but were also found in chloroplastic protists, which acquired chloroplasts by secondary endosymbiosis. CP sequences that are known to be present in prokaryotes and in Ascomycetes were also detected in some Basidiomycetes and occasionally in some protists. Class II peroxidases are involved in lignin biodegradation and are found only in the Homobasidiomycetes. In fact class II peroxidases were identified in only three orders, although degenerate forms were found in different Pezizomycota orders. Class III peroxidases are specific for higher plants, and their evolution is thought to be related to the emergence of the land plants. We have found, however, that class III peroxidases are present in some green algae, which predate land colonization. The presence of peroxidases in all major phyla (except vertebrates) makes them powerful marker genes for understanding the early evolutionary events that led to the appearance of the ancestors of each eukaryotic group.
植物、真菌和细菌过氧化物酶超家族的成员已知存在于多种生物体内。在测序项目中进行广泛搜索，确定了含有该超家族序列的生物。I类过氧化物酶，即细胞色素c过氧化物酶（CcP）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APx）和过氧化氢酶过氧化物酶（CP），已知存在于细菌、真菌和植物中，但现在也在各种原生生物中被发现。除了仅含有抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的绿色植物外，在大多数具有线粒体的生物中都检测到了CcP序列。APx序列以前仅在绿色植物中观察到，但也在通过二次内共生获得叶绿体的叶绿体原生生物中被发现。已知存在于原核生物和子囊菌中的CP序列，在一些担子菌中也被检测到，偶尔在一些原生生物中也有发现。II类过氧化物酶参与木质素生物降解，仅在同担子菌中发现。事实上，II类过氧化物酶仅在三个目中被鉴定出来，尽管在不同的盘菌纲目中发现了退化形式。III类过氧化物酶是高等植物特有的，其进化被认为与陆地植物的出现有关。然而，我们发现III类过氧化物酶存在于一些早于陆地定殖的绿藻中。过氧化物酶在所有主要门类（除脊椎动物外）中的存在，使其成为理解导致每个真核生物类群祖先出现的早期进化事件的有力标记基因。
