Panitumumab: a fully human monoclonal antibody with activity in metastatic colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE

To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, adverse effects, and drug interactions of panitumumab.

DATA SOURCES

A MEDLINE search was conducted (1966-February 2007) using the search terms panitumumab, ABX-EGF, E7.6.3, monoclonal antibody, colorectal neoplasm, epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFr, and epidermal growth factor receptor signal transduction. Articles and abstracts were further identified from the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION

Clinical trials evaluating panitumumab for solid tumors were selected from the data sources. All published relevant abstracts were included.

DATA SYNTHESIS

The most recent developments in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer include the monoclonal antibodies targeted against vascular endothelial growth factor and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr). Panitumumab is the first fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to EGFr. Clinical activity has been demonstrated, most notably in patients with EGFr-positive metastatic colorectal cancer who have failed prior therapy. Phase III study results indicate a 46% reduction in the rate of tumor progression in treated patients compared with those who received best supportive care alone. Panitumumab is well tolerated, with acneiform rash the most common dose-dependent adverse effect. Studies thus far indicate a low rate of infusion-related reactions (1%, grade 3-4).

CONCLUSIONS

Panitumumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody with promising activity in treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who have failed previous therapy, offering a favorable safety profile.