Wilson Stephen E, Kahn Robert S, Khoury Jane, Lanphear Bruce P
Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.
Cincinnati Children's Environmental Health Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
Chest. 2007 Mar;131(3):856-862. doi: 10.1378/chest.06-2123.
African-American children have higher rates of tobacco-associated morbidity. Few studies have objectively measured racial differences in the exposure of children to tobacco smoke. The objective of this study was to test whether African-American children have higher levels of cotinine compared to white children while accounting for ambient measures of tobacco smoke.
Community-based sample of asthmatic children (n = 220) enrolled in an environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) reduction trial.
A biracial sample (55% African American) of children with asthma aged 5 to 12 years who were routinely exposed to ETS.
We measured cotinine levels in serum and hair samples at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. We measured the level of ETS exposure over a 6-month period by placing air nicotine dosimeters in the homes of the children at baseline and at 6-month study visits.
African-American children had significantly higher levels of cotinine at all time points in the study. At the 12-month visit, African-American children had higher levels of serum cotinine (1.39 mug/dL vs 0.80 mug/dL, p = 0.001) and hair cotinine (0.28 ng/mg vs 0.08 ng/mg, p < 0.0001) when compared with white children. In a repeated-measures analysis, African-American children had significantly higher levels of serum cotinine (beta = 0.28, p = 0.04) and hair cotinine (beta = 1.40, p < 0.0001) compared with white children. Air nicotine levels and housing volume were independently associated with higher levels of cotinine.
Among children with asthma, African-American children have higher levels of serum and hair cotinine compared with white children.
非裔美国儿童烟草相关疾病发病率较高。很少有研究客观测量儿童接触烟草烟雾方面的种族差异。本研究的目的是在考虑烟草烟雾环境测量指标的情况下，检验非裔美国儿童的可替宁水平是否高于白人儿童。
基于社区的哮喘儿童样本（n = 220），参与一项减少环境烟草烟雾（ETS）的试验。
5至12岁常规接触ETS的哮喘儿童的双种族样本（55%为非裔美国人）。
我们在基线、6个月和12个月时测量血清和头发样本中的可替宁水平。通过在基线和6个月研究访视时在儿童家中放置空气尼古丁剂量计，测量6个月期间的ETS暴露水平。
在研究的所有时间点，非裔美国儿童的可替宁水平均显著更高。在12个月访视时，与白人儿童相比，非裔美国儿童的血清可替宁水平更高（1.39微克/分升对0.80微克/分升，p = 0.001），头发可替宁水平更高（0.28纳克/毫克对0.08纳克/毫克，p < 0.0001）。在重复测量分析中，与白人儿童相比，非裔美国儿童的血清可替宁水平显著更高（β = 0.28，p = 0.04），头发可替宁水平显著更高（β = 1.40，p < 0.0001）。空气尼古丁水平和房屋体积与更高的可替宁水平独立相关。
在哮喘儿童中，与白人儿童相比，非裔美国儿童的血清和头发可替宁水平更高。
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