Shindler Daniel M
Department of Medicine, UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA.
Crit Care Nurs Q. 2007 Apr-Jun;30(2):166-80. doi: 10.1097/01.CNQ.0000264260.20994.36.
This article focuses on the practical use of the stethoscope. The art of the cardiac physical examination includes skillful auscultation. The article provides the author's personal approach to the patient for the purpose of best hearing, recognizing, and interpreting heart sounds and murmurs. It should be used as a brief introduction to the art of auscultation. This article also attempts to illustrate heart sounds and murmurs by using words and letters to phonate the sounds, and by presenting practical clinical examples where auscultation clearly influences cardiac diagnosis and treatment. The clinical sections attempt to go beyond what is available in standard textbooks by providing information and stethoscope techniques that are valuable and useful at the bedside.
本文重点关注听诊器的实际应用。心脏体格检查的技巧包括熟练的听诊。本文提供了作者针对患者的个人方法，以实现最佳的心脏声音听诊、识别和解读。它应作为听诊技巧的简要介绍。本文还尝试通过用文字和字母来模拟声音以及呈现听诊明显影响心脏诊断和治疗的实际临床案例，来说明心脏声音和杂音。临床部分试图超越标准教科书的内容，提供在床边有价值且有用的信息和听诊器技术。
