Zhou B, Poon M-C, Pu W T, Han Z C
State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
Histol Histopathol. 2007 Jun;22(6):677-86. doi: 10.14670/HH-22.677.
Recently, with the better understanding of the mechanisms of neovascularization, many new therapeutic approaches to enhance neovascularization have emerged. Of these diverse emerging methods, use of growth factors and cells are the two major ones. This review will provide an update on the present understanding of the basic mechanisms of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and arteriogenesis, as a basis for designing future pro-neovascularization treatments. Several angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) have been implicated in augmenting the neovascularization process. However, single growth factors are not sufficient to generate functional vessels. In synergistic or complementary manner, these factors may be used in harmony to form long-term functional vessels. Cell therapy has the potential to supply stem/progenitor cells and multiple angiogenic factors to the region of ischemia. However, the efficacy of stem cells transplantation may be impaired by low survival rate, insufficient cell number and impaired function in aging and diseases. Combination of cells or cells primed with growth factor(s) or genetic modification may augment the therapeutic efficacy. This paper reviews critical literature in depth to elucidate the mechanism of therapeutic neovascularization, angiogenic factor therapy and cell transplantation. Based on past experience and actual knowledge, we propose future strategies for clinical application and discuss the problems and controversies that need to be addressed in order to fully exploit the potential of growth factors and/or cell transplantation with clinical relevance.
最近，随着对新生血管形成机制的深入了解，出现了许多促进新生血管形成的新治疗方法。在这些多样的新兴方法中，生长因子和细胞的应用是两个主要方面。本综述将更新目前对血管生成、血管发生和动脉生成基本机制的认识，为设计未来的促新生血管形成治疗提供依据。包括血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）在内的几种血管生成因子已被证实与增强新生血管形成过程有关。然而，单一生长因子不足以生成功能性血管。这些因子可能以协同或互补的方式共同作用，以形成长期功能性血管。细胞治疗有潜力向缺血区域提供干细胞/祖细胞和多种血管生成因子。然而，干细胞移植的疗效可能会因存活率低、细胞数量不足以及在衰老和疾病状态下功能受损而受到影响。细胞与生长因子预处理或基因修饰相结合可能会提高治疗效果。本文深入综述了关键文献，以阐明治疗性新生血管形成、血管生成因子治疗和细胞移植的机制。基于以往经验和实际知识，我们提出了未来临床应用策略，并讨论了为充分发挥生长因子和/或细胞移植在临床应用中的潜力而需要解决的问题和争议。
