Rodríguez Cuevas Sergio A, Capurso García Marino
Instituto de Enfermedades de la Mama, FUCAM, México.
Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2006 Nov;74(11):585-93.
Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor worldwide. In recent years there has been observed an increase in its frequency, especially in developing countries, as Mexico, where mortality is arriving to the first cause of death in females. This is, in part, due to a delayed diagnosis, most frequently done in locally advances stages with a low cure rate. This is a review of all risk factors: age, sex, personal and familial history, genetic syndromes, associated breast disease, geographic distribution, body structure and environmental, hormonal, reproductive and dietary factors. It is concluded that breast cancer is a public health problem in developed and developing countries, and the best methods to drop mortality for breast cancer is the wide use of screening mammography in women at risk, in order to find cancers at initial stages and offer the adequate treatment.
乳腺癌是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤。近年来，其发病率呈上升趋势，尤其是在发展中国家，如墨西哥，在该国乳腺癌死亡率已成为女性首要死因。部分原因在于诊断延迟，多数情况下确诊时已处于局部进展期，治愈率较低。本文综述了所有风险因素：年龄、性别、个人及家族病史、遗传综合征、相关乳腺疾病、地理分布、身体结构以及环境、激素、生殖和饮食因素。结论是，乳腺癌在发达国家和发展中国家都是一个公共卫生问题，降低乳腺癌死亡率的最佳方法是对有风险的女性广泛使用乳腺钼靶筛查，以便在癌症早期发现并提供适当治疗。
