Bartels Daniel M, Medin Douglas L
Northwestern University, IL 60208, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2007 Jan;18(1):24-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01843.x.
Is morally motivated decision making different from other kinds of decision making? There is evidence that when people have sacred or protected values (PVs), they reject trade-offs for secular values (e.g., "You can't put a price on a human life") and tend to employ deontological rather than consequentialist decision principles. People motivated by PVs appear to show quantity insensitivity. That is, in trade-off situations, they are less sensitive to the consequences of their choices than are people without PVs. The current study examined the relation between PVs and quantity insensitivity using two methods of preference assessment: In one design, previous results were replicated; in a second, PVs were related to increased quantity sensitivity. These and other findings call into question important presumed properties of PVs, suggesting that how PVs affect willingness to make trade-offs depends on where attention is focused, a factor that varies substantially across contexts.
出于道德动机的决策与其他类型的决策有何不同?有证据表明,当人们拥有神圣或受保护的价值观(PVs)时,他们会拒绝为世俗价值观进行权衡(例如,“人的生命无价”),并且倾向于采用道义论而非结果论的决策原则。受PVs驱动的人似乎表现出对数量不敏感。也就是说,在权衡情境中,他们对自己选择的后果不如没有PVs的人敏感。本研究使用两种偏好评估方法检验了PVs与数量不敏感之间的关系:在一种设计中,重复了先前的结果;在另一种设计中,PVs与数量敏感性增加有关。这些以及其他发现对PVs的重要假定属性提出了质疑,表明PVs如何影响做出权衡的意愿取决于注意力的焦点,而这一因素在不同情境中差异很大。