Marsh Richard L, Hicks Jason L, Cook Gabriel I, Mayhorn Christopher B
Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-3013, USA.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2007 Mar;14(2):168-88. doi: 10.1080/138255891007074.
Two experiments with younger and older adults were conducted to investigate the output-monitoring component of event-based prospective memory. In the standard form of the task, participants must remember to press a key when a certain class of items is encountered. To evaluate output monitoring, event-based cues were repeated and participants were asked to press a different key if they could remember that an earlier response was made to a particular cue. Younger adults forgot fewer of their successful responses, but displayed a distinct bias to claim that they had responded earlier when actually they had forgotten to respond. By contrast, older adults displayed this bias much less frequently. Elaborated responding to cues had the effect of improving the performance of younger, but not older adults. The results are discussed in terms of natural repetitions and omission errors that might be made in everyday prospective memory tasks.
开展了两项针对年轻人和年长者的实验，以研究基于事件的前瞻记忆中的输出监控成分。在该任务的标准形式中，参与者必须记住当遇到某类项目时按下一个按键。为了评估输出监控，基于事件的线索会重复出现，并且要求参与者如果记得之前对某个特定线索做出过反应，就按下另一个不同的按键。年轻人忘记成功反应的情况较少，但当他们实际上忘记做出反应时，却明显倾向于声称自己之前已经做出了反应。相比之下，年长者表现出这种偏差的频率要低得多。对线索进行详尽回应能够提高年轻人的表现，但对年长者却没有效果。研究结果从日常前瞻记忆任务中可能出现的自然重复和遗漏错误的角度进行了讨论。
