Hermans P G, Morgan K L
Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Faculty of Veterinary Science. Leahurst Veterinary Field Station, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.
Avian Pathol. 2007 Feb;36(1):43-51. doi: 10.1080/03079450601109991.
In order to determine the prevalence and risk factors for necrotic enteritis in broilers, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 857 farms, rearing broilers for nine UK poultry companies. The main data collection tool was a postal questionnaire directed at farm managers. Additional information on disease occurrence on the farm was collected from veterinary postmortem reports. The response rate to the questionnaire was 75%, ranging from 54% to 90% within companies. During 2001, 32.8% of the respondents indicated that they had observed a case of necrotic enteritis (95% confidence interval, 29.1 to 36.8) in at least one flock. The disease was most often reported during the months October to February. The point prevalence (necrotic enteritis occurrence in the most recently reared flock) reported by farm managers was 12.3% (95% confidence interval, 9.8 to 15.2). Multilevel logistic regression was performed with the poultry company as the random effect, using the occurrence of necrotic enteritis in the farm's most recently reared flock as the dependent variable. Strong associations were found between the outcome variable and the occurrence of wet litter (odds ratio, 2.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.27 to 4.52; P = 0.007) and coccidiosis (odds ratio, 4.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.74 to 12.55; P = 0.002). In addition, the use of ammonia as a disinfectant for coccidial oocysts appeared to be an independent risk factor (odds ratio, 3.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.53 to 7.71; P = 0.003). Finally, the positive association between the use of plasterboard walls in poultry houses and the occurrence of necrotic enteritis might point to an important role of cleaning and disinfection in the epidemiology of this disease (odds ratio, 3.72; 1.38 to 10.00; P = 0.009).
为了确定肉鸡坏死性肠炎的患病率和风险因素，对为9家英国家禽公司饲养肉鸡的857个农场进行了一项横断面调查。主要的数据收集工具是针对农场管理人员的邮政调查问卷。从兽医尸检报告中收集了有关农场疾病发生情况的其他信息。问卷的回复率为75%，各公司的回复率在54%至90%之间。在2001年期间，32.8%的受访者表示他们在至少一个鸡群中观察到了坏死性肠炎病例（95%置信区间，29.1至36.8）。该病最常报告于10月至2月期间。农场管理人员报告的点患病率（最近饲养鸡群中坏死性肠炎的发生率）为12.3%（95%置信区间，9.8至15.2）。以家禽公司为随机效应进行多水平逻辑回归，以农场最近饲养鸡群中坏死性肠炎的发生情况作为因变量。结果变量与垫料潮湿的发生之间存在强关联（比值比，2.39；95%置信区间，1.27至4.52；P = 0.007）以及与球虫病之间存在强关联（比值比, 4.68；95%置信区间，1.74至12.55；P = 0.002）。此外，使用氨作为球虫卵囊的消毒剂似乎是一个独立的风险因素（比值比，3.44；95%置信区间，1.53至7.71；P = 0.003）。最后，禽舍中使用石膏板墙与坏死性肠炎发生之间的正相关可能表明清洁和消毒在该疾病流行病学中的重要作用（比值比，3.72；1.38至10.00；P = 0.009）。
