Costa Frances M, Jessor Richard, Turbin Mark S
Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0483, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2007 Feb;9(2):213-24. doi: 10.1080/14622200601078558.
A theory-based protection and risk model was applied to explain variation in college students' cigarette smoking. Key aims were to examine whether psychosocial and behavioral protective and risk factors can account for cross-sectional and developmental variation in smoking, and to examine whether protection moderates the impact of risk on smoking involvement. Data for this three-wave longitudinal study were collected in fall 2002, spring 2003, and spring 2004 from 549 male and 427 female first-semester college students at the University of Colorado, Boulder. A 32-page questionnaire was used, with content theoretically derived from the constructs in problem-behavior theory. Cigarette smoking (number of cigarettes smoked on an average day in the past month), three types of psychosocial protection (models protection, controls protection, support protection), three types of psychosocial risk (models risk, opportunity risk, and vulnerability risk), two types of behavioral protection (church involvement, academic achievement), and two types of behavioral risk (problem drinking, marijuana use) were assessed. Psychosocial and behavioral protective and risk factors accounted for significant variation in smoking involvement, and protection moderated the impact of risk. Findings were consistent, for the most part, for both genders and across three separate waves of data. Key predictors of smoking involvement included controls protection, models risk, vulnerability risk, behavioral protection, and behavioral risk. Antecedent protective and risk factors were associated with the initiation of smoking in the college setting. A model of protective and risk factors can be useful in understanding college smoking behavior and suggesting targets for intervention.
应用基于理论的保护与风险模型来解释大学生吸烟行为的差异。主要目的是检验心理社会和行为方面的保护因素与风险因素是否能够解释吸烟行为的横断面差异和发展变化，以及保护因素是否会缓和风险因素对吸烟行为的影响。这项三波次纵向研究的数据于2002年秋季、2003年春季和2004年春季收集，来自科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的549名男性和427名女性大学一年级学生。使用了一份32页的问卷，其内容理论上源自问题行为理论中的概念。评估了吸烟情况（过去一个月平均每天吸烟的数量）、三种心理社会保护类型（榜样保护、自控保护、支持保护）、三种心理社会风险类型（榜样风险、机会风险和易感性风险）、两种行为保护类型（参加教会活动、学业成绩）以及两种行为风险类型（问题饮酒、吸食大麻）。心理社会和行为方面的保护因素与风险因素能够解释吸烟行为的显著差异，并且保护因素缓和了风险因素的影响。在很大程度上，研究结果在性别上以及在三个独立的数据波次中都是一致的。吸烟行为的关键预测因素包括自控保护、榜样风险、易感性风险、行为保护和行为风险。先行的保护因素和风险因素与大学环境中吸烟行为的起始有关。保护与风险因素模型有助于理解大学生吸烟行为并为干预提供目标。
