Schranz M Eric, Windsor Aaron J, Song Bao-Hua, Lawton-Rauh Amy, Mitchell-Olds Thomas
Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Plant Physiol. 2007 May;144(1):286-98. doi: 10.1104/pp.107.096685. Epub 2007 Mar 16.
The angiosperm family Brassicaceae contains both the research model Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and the agricultural genus Brassica. Comparative genomics in the Brassicaceae has largely focused on direct comparisons between Arabidopsis and the species of interest. However, the reduced genome size and chromosome number (n = 5) of Arabidopsis complicates comparisons. Arabidopsis shows extensive genome and chromosome reshuffling compared to its close relatives Arabidopsis lyrata and Capsella rubella, both with n = 8. To facilitate comparative genomics across the Brassicaceae we recently outlined a system of 24 conserved chromosomal blocks based on their positions in an ancestral karyotype of n = 8, rather than by their position in Arabidopsis. In this report we use this system as a tool to understand genome structure and evolution in Boechera stricta (n = 7). B. stricta is a diploid, sexual, and highly self-fertilizing species occurring in mostly montane regions of western North America. We have created an F(2) genetic map of B. stricta based on 192 individuals scored at 196 microsatellite and candidate gene loci. Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping of 94 of the loci was done simultaneously using an Illumina bead array. The total map length is 725.8 cM, with an average marker spacing of 3.9 cM. There are no gaps greater than 19.3 cM. The chromosomal reduction from n = 8 to n = 7 and other genomic changes in B. stricta likely involved a pericentric inversion, a chromosomal fusion, and two reciprocal translocations that are easily visualized using the genomic blocks. Our genetic map will facilitate the analysis of ecologically relevant quantitative variation in Boechera. Sequence data from this article can be found in the GenBank/EMBL data libraries under accession numbers DU 667459 to DU 708532.
被子植物十字花科既包含研究模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana),也包含农业领域的芸苔属。十字花科的比较基因组学主要集中在拟南芥与目标物种之间的直接比较上。然而,拟南芥基因组大小的减小和染色体数目(n = 5)使得比较变得复杂。与亲缘关系较近的琴叶拟南芥(Arabidopsis lyrata)和铜锤草(Capsella rubella)(二者n = 8)相比,拟南芥表现出广泛的基因组和染色体重排。为了便于在十字花科中进行比较基因组学研究,我们最近基于24个保守染色体块在n = 8的祖先核型中的位置,而非它们在拟南芥中的位置,概述了一个系统。在本报告中,我们使用该系统作为工具来理解狭叶臂形草(Boechera stricta)(n = 7)的基因组结构和进化。狭叶臂形草是一种二倍体、有性且高度自花授粉的物种,主要分布在北美西部的山区。我们基于192个个体在196个微卫星和候选基因位点上的评分,构建了狭叶臂形草的F(2)遗传图谱。使用Illumina微珠阵列同时对94个位点进行了单核苷酸多态性基因分型。总图长为725.8厘摩,平均标记间距为3.9厘摩。不存在大于19.3厘摩的间隙。狭叶臂形草从n = 8到n = 7的染色体减少以及其他基因组变化可能涉及一个着丝粒周围倒位、一个染色体融合和两个相互易位,使用基因组块很容易观察到这些变化。我们的遗传图谱将有助于分析狭叶臂形草中与生态相关的数量变异。本文的序列数据可在GenBank/EMBL数据库中找到,登录号为DU 667459至DU 708532。