Tran Anh T K, Hyne Ross V, Doble P
Department of Chemistry, Materials and Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2007 Mar;26(3):435-43. doi: 10.1897/06-401r.1.
Two types of solid-phase materials, a styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer sorbent (embedded in a SDB-XC Empore disk) and a styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer sorbent modified with sulfonic acid functional groups (embedded in a SDB-RPS Empore disk), were compared as a receiving phase in a passive sampling device for monitoring polar pesticides. The SDB-XC Empore disk was selected for further evaluation, overlayed with either a polysulfone or a polyethersulfone diffusion membrane. The target herbicides included five nonionized herbicides (simazine, atrazine, diuron, clomazone, and metolachlor) and four phenoxy acid herbicides (dicamba, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid [2,4-D], (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid [MCPA], and triclopyr) with log octanol/water partition coefficient (log K(OW)) values of less than three in water. Uptake of these herbicides generally was higher into a device constructed of a SDB-XC Empore disk as a receiving phase covered with a polyethersulfone membrane compared to a similar device covered with a polysulfone membrane. Using the device with a SDB-XC Empore disk covered with a polyethersulfone membrane, linear uptake of simazine, atrazine, diuron, clomazone, and metolachlor was observed for up to 21 d, and daily sampling rates of the herbicides from water in a laboratory flow-through system were determined. The uptake rate of each nonionized herbicide by the Empore disk-based passive sampler was linearly proportional to its concentration in the water, and the sampling rate was independent of the water concentrations over the 21-d period. Uptake of the phenoxy acid herbicides (2,4-D, MCPA, and triclopyr) obeyed first-order kinetics and rapidly reached equilibrium in the passive sampler after approximately 12 d of exposure. The Empore disk-based passive sampler displayed isotropic kinetics, with a release half-life for triclopyr of approximately 6 d.
比较了两种固相材料，一种是苯乙烯 - 二乙烯基苯共聚物吸附剂（嵌入SDB-XC Empore盘）和一种用磺酸官能团改性的苯乙烯 - 二乙烯基苯共聚物吸附剂（嵌入SDB-RPS Empore盘），作为用于监测极性农药的被动采样装置中的接收相。选择SDB-XC Empore盘进行进一步评估，其上覆盖有聚砜或聚醚砜扩散膜。目标除草剂包括五种非离子化除草剂（西玛津、莠去津、敌草隆、异噁草酮和异丙甲草胺）和四种苯氧基酸除草剂（麦草畏、（2,4-二氯苯氧基）乙酸[2,4-D]、（4-氯-2-甲基苯氧基）乙酸[MCPA]和三氯吡氧乙酸），其在水中的正辛醇/水分配系数（log K(OW)）值小于3。与覆盖有聚砜膜的类似装置相比，这些除草剂在以SDB-XC Empore盘为接收相并覆盖有聚醚砜膜构建的装置中的摄取通常更高。使用覆盖有聚醚砜膜的SDB-XC Empore盘装置，观察到西玛津、莠去津、敌草隆、异噁草酮和异丙甲草胺的线性摄取长达21天，并测定了实验室流通系统中水中除草剂的每日采样率。基于Empore盘的被动采样器对每种非离子化除草剂的摄取速率与其在水中的浓度呈线性比例，并且在21天期间采样率与水浓度无关。苯氧基酸除草剂（2,4-D、MCPA和三氯吡氧乙酸）的摄取遵循一级动力学，在暴露约12天后在被动采样器中迅速达到平衡。基于Empore盘的被动采样器表现出各向同性动力学，三氯吡氧乙酸的释放半衰期约为6天。
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