Palmer Rebekka S, Ball Samuel A, Rounsaville Bruce J, O'Malley Stephanie S
Department of Psychiatry, Division of Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Apr;31(4):619-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00346.x.
Previous studies have found that driving while intoxicated (DWI) offenders report high rates of substance dependence and other psychiatric disorders.
The current study evaluated the prevalence, clinical correlates at program admission, and prognostic significance over a 1-year follow-up of 2 diagnostic subgroup variables (drug abuse or dependence; mood or anxiety disorder) among 290 first-time DWI offenders receiving group counseling interventions.
A lifetime diagnosis of drug abuse or dependence (42% of sample) was associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption, lower coping confidence, greater readiness to change, increased alcohol, drug, and legal problems, and more alcohol-related negative consequences at the initiation of DWI intervention. Significant decreases in drinking were noted at intervention termination for the drug diagnoses subgroup, but were not sustained at 1-year follow-up. The presence of a lifetime diagnosis of anxiety or mood disorder (30% of sample) was associated with lower coping confidence, greater readiness to change, and with greater and more enduring negative consequences of drinking during the DWI intervention and 1-year follow-up period.
Results suggest that a psychiatric diagnosis might guide the intervention and aftercare planning for DWI offenders to reduce recidivism and drinking.
先前的研究发现，醉酒驾驶（DWI）罪犯中物质依赖和其他精神障碍的发生率很高。
本研究评估了290名接受团体咨询干预的首次DWI罪犯中2个诊断亚组变量（药物滥用或依赖；情绪或焦虑障碍）的患病率、入院时的临床相关性以及1年随访期的预后意义。
终生药物滥用或依赖诊断（占样本的42%）与更高的酒精消费量、更低的应对信心、更强的改变意愿、更多的酒精、药物和法律问题以及DWI干预开始时更多与酒精相关的负面后果相关。药物诊断亚组在干预结束时饮酒量显著下降，但在1年随访时未持续。终生焦虑或情绪障碍诊断（占样本的30%）与更低的应对信心、更强的改变意愿以及DWI干预和1年随访期间饮酒带来的更大且更持久的负面后果相关。
结果表明，精神诊断可能指导DWI罪犯的干预和后续护理计划，以减少累犯和饮酒。
