Thach Bradley T
Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8208, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2007;20(4):365-70. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2006.11.011. Epub 2006 Dec 15.
Although aspiration of contaminated amniotic fluid and gastric contents is common at birth, anecdotal evidence indicates that coughing occurs rarely if at all. Studies in which cough and other airway protective responses have been stimulated by introducing a small bolus of water or saline into the pharynx of sleeping infants have found that the predominant responses are swallowing, apnea and laryngeal closure. Coughing is rare. Collectively, these responses are known as the laryngeal chemoreflexes (LCR). These are mediated by receptors in the inter-arytenoid space. The LCR has been studied extensively in animal models. Upper airway infection increases the responses and in this case coughing becomes a common component. Studies in animal models indicate that with maturation, apnea and swallowing components of the LCR decrease while cough becomes increasingly prominent.
虽然出生时吸入受污染的羊水和胃内容物很常见，但轶事证据表明咳嗽很少发生，甚至根本不发生。在将一小团水或盐水引入熟睡婴儿咽部以刺激咳嗽和其他气道保护反应的研究中发现，主要反应是吞咽、呼吸暂停和喉关闭。咳嗽很少见。这些反应统称为喉化学反射（LCR）。它们由杓间区的受体介导。LCR已在动物模型中得到广泛研究。上呼吸道感染会增强这些反应，在这种情况下咳嗽成为常见症状。动物模型研究表明，随着成熟，LCR的呼吸暂停和吞咽成分减少，而咳嗽变得越来越突出。
