Zola Heddy
Child Health Research Institute, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
Mol Med. 2006 Nov-Dec;12(11-12):312-6. doi: 10.2119/2006–00081.Zola.
Leukocytes are the cells of the immune system and are centrally involved in defense against infection, in autoimmune disease, allergy, inflammation, and in organ graft rejection. Lymphomas and leukemias are malignancies of leukocytes, and the immune system is almost certainly involved in most other cancers. Each leukocyte expresses a selection of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids which mediate its interaction with antigen, with other components of the immune system, and with other tissues. It is therefore not surprising that the leukocyte surface molecules (CD molecules) have provided targets for diagnosis and therapy. Among the "celebrities" are CD20, a target for lymphoma therapeutic antibodies which earns $2 billion annually (and makes a significant difference to lymphoma patients), and CD4, the molecule used by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as an entry portal into cells of the immune system. This short review provides a background to the CD molecules and antibodies against them, and summarizes research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications of antibodies against these molecules.
白细胞是免疫系统的细胞，在抵御感染、自身免疫性疾病、过敏、炎症以及器官移植排斥反应中发挥着核心作用。淋巴瘤和白血病是白细胞的恶性肿瘤，几乎可以肯定免疫系统参与了大多数其他癌症。每种白细胞都表达一系列细胞表面糖蛋白和糖脂，这些糖蛋白和糖脂介导其与抗原、免疫系统的其他成分以及其他组织的相互作用。因此，白细胞表面分子（CD分子）成为诊断和治疗的靶点也就不足为奇了。其中的“明星分子”包括CD20，它是淋巴瘤治疗性抗体的靶点，每年创收20亿美元（并对淋巴瘤患者产生重大影响），还有CD4，人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）将其作为进入免疫系统细胞的入口分子。这篇简短的综述介绍了CD分子及其相关抗体的背景知识，并总结了针对这些分子的抗体在研究、诊断和治疗方面的应用。
