Ulrichs C, Krause F, Rocksch T, Goswami A, Mewis I
Humboldt University Berlin, Institute for Horticultural Sciences, Section Urban Horticulture Lentzeallee 55, DE-14195 Berlin, Germany.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2006;71(2 Pt A):171-8.
One of the most effective naturally occurring insecticide powders is diatomaceous earth (DE), which contains above 96 % of silica (silicon dioxide SiO2). In recent days, the possibility to use new improved DE formulations for plant protection in horticulture has been the focus of research. For aphids and other under-leaf insects only insecticides deposited on leaf undersides are effective. We tested electrostatic application of different silica containing dusts onto the cruciferous crop pak-choi (Brassica chinensis). The materials tested were Fossil Shield 90.0s, Advasan, Biobeck PA910, and a formulation newly developed by the Urban Horticultural Section at Humboldt University called "Al-06". Silica materials were tested for their effect on plant photosynthesis and efficacy against the mustard beetle (Phaedon cochleariae F.). All materials have been effective in contact experiments against tested insects. However, significant differences were observed between materials after application onto plant leaves. Fossil Shield, Advasan, and Al-06 application resulted in a good coverage and in high protection against the mustard beetle. Biobeck PA910 was easily removed by wind from leaf surfaces and did not protect the plants well. However, photosynthesis has been reduced in treated plants and remained at a lower level even after dust removal. Experimental results are critically discussed in the view of future potential for crop protection programs.
最有效的天然杀虫剂粉末之一是硅藻土（DE），其二氧化硅（SiO₂）含量超过96%。近年来，在园艺中使用新型改良硅藻土制剂进行植物保护的可能性一直是研究的重点。对于蚜虫和其他叶下昆虫，只有沉积在叶底面的杀虫剂才有效。我们测试了将不同含硅粉尘静电施用于十字花科作物小白菜（Brassica chinensis）上的效果。测试的材料有Fossil Shield 90.0s、Advasan、Biobeck PA910以及洪堡大学城市园艺系新开发的名为“Al - 06”的制剂。测试了硅材料对植物光合作用的影响以及对芥菜叶甲（Phaedon cochleariae F.）的防治效果。所有材料在接触试验中对受试昆虫均有效。然而，在施用于植物叶片后，材料之间观察到了显著差异。施用Fossil Shield、Advasan和Al - 06后覆盖率良好，对芥菜叶甲有很高的防治效果。Biobeck PA910很容易被风吹离叶片表面，对植物的保护效果不佳。然而，处理过的植物光合作用降低，即使在去除粉尘后仍保持在较低水平。从作物保护计划的未来潜力角度对实验结果进行了批判性讨论。
