Leiros Ingar, Nabong Marivi P, Grøsvik Kristin, Ringvoll Jeanette, Haugland Gyri T, Uldal Lene, Reite Karen, Olsbu Inger K, Knaevelsrud Ingeborg, Moe Elin, Andersen Ole A, Birkeland Nils-Kåre, Ruoff Peter, Klungland Arne, Bjelland Svein
The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
EMBO J. 2007 Apr 18;26(8):2206-17. doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601662. Epub 2007 Mar 29.
N(1)-methyladenine (m(1)A) and N(3)-methylcytosine (m(3)C) are major toxic and mutagenic lesions induced by alkylation in single-stranded DNA. In bacteria and mammals, m(1)A and m(3)C were recently shown to be repaired by AlkB-mediated oxidative demethylation, a direct DNA damage reversal mechanism. No AlkB gene homologues have been identified in Archaea. We report that m(1)A and m(3)C are repaired by the AfAlkA base excision repair glycosylase of Archaeoglobus fulgidus, suggesting a different repair mechanism for these lesions in the third domain of life. In addition, AfAlkA was found to effect a robust excision of 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine. We present a high-resolution crystal structure of AfAlkA, which, together with the characterization of several site-directed mutants, forms a molecular rationalization for the newly discovered base excision activity.
N(1)-甲基腺嘌呤(m(1)A)和N(3)-甲基胞嘧啶(m(3)C)是单链DNA烷基化诱导产生的主要毒性和致突变损伤。在细菌和哺乳动物中,最近发现m(1)A和m(3)C可通过AlkB介导的氧化去甲基化进行修复,这是一种直接的DNA损伤逆转机制。在古菌中尚未鉴定出AlkB基因同源物。我们报告说,嗜热栖热放线菌的AfAlkA碱基切除修复糖基化酶可修复m(1)A和m(3)C,这表明在生命的第三个域中这些损伤存在不同的修复机制。此外,发现AfAlkA可有效地切除1,N(6)-乙烯腺嘌呤。我们展示了AfAlkA的高分辨率晶体结构,该结构与几个定点突变体的特征一起,为新发现的碱基切除活性提供了分子合理化解释。