干法碾磨后获得的挤压玉米及玉米组分对猪的营养价值。
Nutritional value for swine of extruded corn and corn fractions obtained after dry milling.
作者信息
Muley N S, van Heugten E, Moeser A J, Rausch K D, van Kempen T A T G
机构信息
Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Nutritional Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
出版信息
J Anim Sci. 2007 Jul;85(7):1695-701. doi: 10.2527/jas.2006-127. Epub 2007 Mar 30.
The experiment was designed to assess whether corn fractions or extrusion of corn can result in feed ingredients with a greater nutritional value than corn. Corn grain (8.0% CP, 0.21% P, 9.8% NDF) was processed by extrusion (82.8 degrees C, 345 kPa steam pressure for 12 s) or by dry milling to derive fractions rich in germ (13.1% CP, 1.19% P, 17.2% NDF), hulls (8.1% CP, 0.27% P, 32.6% NDF), and endosperm, namely tails (6.6% CP, 0.07% P, 3.6% NDF) and throughs (7.4% CP, 0.15% P, 4.5% NDF). Relative recovery in each fraction was 16, 20, 44, and 20%, respectively. Ileal digestibility of DM, P, and amino acids was determined using diets containing 7.0% CP from soybean meal and 5.3% CP from one of the test products. To allow for determination of standardized ingredient, ileal digestibility, basal endogenous AA losses were determined using a protein-free diet (74.6% cornstarch and 18.7% sucrose). Soybean meal ileal digestibility was determined using a diet (12.3% CP) based on soybean meal (23.3%). Eight barrows (27 +/- 2 kg) fitted with T-cannulas were fed 8 experimental diets (5-d adaptation and 2-d collection period) such that each diet was evaluated in at least 5 barrows. Relative to corn (77.9 +/- 1.2%), ileal digestibility of DM was greater for extruded corn (82.5%; P = 0.02), tails (85.9%; P < 0.01), and throughs (85.0%; P < 0.01), but it was lower for hulls (62.2%; P < 0.01) and germ (51.1%; P < 0.01). For P, corn (41.6 +/- 9.5%), throughs (47.2%), and hulls (57.3%) had similar ileal digestibility, but germ (7.9%) had lower ileal digestibility (P = 0.02) than corn; tails (27.6%) and extruded corn (23.5%) were not different from corn or germ but were lower than throughs and hulls. For total AA, corn (84.7 +/- 2.4%), throughs (84.3%), and hulls (85.8%) had similar ileal digestibility, but germ (76.6%) had lower ileal digestibility (P < 0.01) than corn; tails (82.0%) and extruded corn (81.7%) were intermediate. In conclusion, germ and hulls have a low ileal DM digestibility; germ also has low AA and P digestibility. Extrusion improved the ileal DM digestibility of corn. To maximize the ileal digestibility, removal of germ and hull from corn or extrusion of corn may thus be of interest.
本试验旨在评估玉米各组分或玉米挤压处理后能否得到营养价值高于玉米的饲料原料。将玉米籽粒（粗蛋白含量8.0%、磷含量0.21%、中性洗涤纤维含量9.8%）进行挤压处理（82.8℃、345 kPa蒸汽压力，持续12 s）或干磨处理，以得到富含胚芽（粗蛋白含量13.1%、磷含量1.19%、中性洗涤纤维含量17.2%）、麸皮（粗蛋白含量8.1%、磷含量0.27%、中性洗涤纤维含量32.6%）以及胚乳，即尾粉（粗蛋白含量6.6%、磷含量0.07%、中性洗涤纤维含量3.6%）和通粉（粗蛋白含量7.4%、磷含量0.15%、中性洗涤纤维含量4.5%）的组分。各组分的相对回收率分别为16%、20%、44%和20%。使用含有7.0%来自豆粕的粗蛋白和5.3%来自一种试验产品的粗蛋白的日粮测定干物质、磷和氨基酸的回肠消化率。为了测定标准化原料的回肠消化率，使用无蛋白日粮（74.6%玉米淀粉和18.7%蔗糖）测定基础内源氨基酸损失。使用基于豆粕（23.3%）的日粮（粗蛋白含量12.3%）测定豆粕的回肠消化率。选用8头安装了T型瘘管的公猪（体重27±2 kg），给它们饲喂8种试验日粮（5天适应期和2天收集期），使得每种日粮至少在5头公猪中进行评估。相对于玉米（77.9±1.2%），挤压玉米（82.5%；P = 0.02）、尾粉（85.9%；P < 0.01）和通粉（85.0%；P < 0.01）的干物质回肠消化率更高，但麸皮（62.2%；P < 0.01）和胚芽（51.1%；P < 0.01）的干物质回肠消化率更低。对于磷，玉米（41.6±9.5%）、通粉（47.2%）和麸皮（57.3%）的回肠消化率相似，但胚芽（7.9%）的回肠消化率低于玉米（P = 0.02）；尾粉（27.6%）和挤压玉米（23.5%）与玉米或胚芽无差异，但低于通粉和麸皮。对于总氨基酸，玉米（84.7±2.4%）、通粉（84.3%）和麸皮（85.8%）的回肠消化率相似，但胚芽（76.6%）的回肠消化率低于玉米（P < 0.01）；尾粉（82.0%）和挤压玉米（81.7%）处于中间水平。总之，胚芽和麸皮的干物质回肠消化率较低；胚芽的氨基酸和磷消化率也较低。挤压提高了玉米的干物质回肠消化率。因此，为了使回肠消化率最大化，从玉米中去除胚芽和麸皮或对玉米进行挤压处理可能是有意义的。
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