Moll Deborah M, McElroy Rebecca H, Sabogal Raquel, Corrales Lana F, Gelting Richard J
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Health Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS F-46 Atlanta GA 30341, USA.
J Water Health. 2007 Mar;5(1):51-65. doi: 10.2166/wh.2006.047.
In response to Hurricane Mitch, which struck Central America in October-November 1998, the American Red Cross (ARC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collaborated on a 3-year evaluation of the public health impact of ARC's water, sanitation and hygiene education activities in eight study areas in Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala. The evaluation compared: 1) access to and use of water and sanitation facilities, 2) the use of hygienic behaviours, and 3) diarrhoeal prevalence in children younger than 3 years of age before (February 2000) and after (February 2002) the interventions had been implemented. The evaluation included household and key informant interviews designed to measure these three components. Water quality of community water sources and household water was evaluated by measuring levels of indicator bacteria. During the final survey, an infrastructure evaluation provided a review of the design, construction, and current operation and maintenance of the water systems and latrines. The integrated water and sanitation infrastructure interventions and hygiene education programmes implemented following Hurricane Mitch effectively decreased diarrhoea prevalence in the target communities.
为应对1998年10月至11月袭击中美洲的米奇飓风，美国红十字会（ARC）与疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）合作，对ARC在洪都拉斯、尼加拉瓜、萨尔瓦多和危地马拉的八个研究地区开展的水、环境卫生与个人卫生教育活动的公共卫生影响进行了为期三年的评估。该评估比较了：1）水和卫生设施的获取与使用情况；2）卫生行为的采用情况；3）在干预措施实施前（2000年2月）和实施后（2002年2月）3岁以下儿童的腹泻患病率。评估包括旨在衡量这三个组成部分的家庭访谈和关键信息提供者访谈。通过测量指示菌水平来评估社区水源和家庭用水的水质。在最终调查期间，一项基础设施评估对供水系统和厕所的设计、建设以及当前的运营和维护情况进行了审查。米奇飓风过后实施的综合水与环境卫生基础设施干预措施和个人卫生教育项目有效降低了目标社区的腹泻患病率。
