Thines Nicole J, Shipley Lisa A, Bassman John H, Fellman John K, Mattison D Scott, Slusser James R, Gao Wei
Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6410, USA.
J Chem Ecol. 2007 May;33(5):1025-39. doi: 10.1007/s10886-007-9280-7. Epub 2007 Apr 4.
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has been increasing in temperate latitudes in recent decades and is expected to continue rising for some time. Enhanced UV-B radiation can change plant chemistry, yet the effects of these changes on mammalian herbivores are unknown. To examine the influence of enhanced UV-B radiation on nutrition of a specialist and generalist hindgut fermenter, we measured nutritional and chemical constituents of three common North American range plants, big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), and bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoregneria spicata), and how these changes influenced in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vivo digestibility by pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) and eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus). Forages were irradiated for 3 mo with ambient (1x) or supplemental (1.6x) UV-B radiation representing a 15% ozone depletion for Pullman, WA, USA. Enhanced UV-B radiation had minimal effects on the nutritional content and the tannin-binding capacity of forages. Similarly, the terpene concentration in sagebrush and yarrow was not affected by higher UV-B irradiances. Flavonoid compounds increased in sagebrush but decreased in yarrow. Rabbit preference and intake was not affected by treatment levels for any forage species and no differences were found between treatments for dry matter, fiber, protein digestibility, and apparent digestible energy.
近几十年来，温带地区的紫外线B（UV-B）辐射一直在增加，预计在一段时间内还会持续上升。增强的UV-B辐射会改变植物的化学成分，然而这些变化对哺乳动物食草动物的影响尚不清楚。为了研究增强的UV-B辐射对一种专性和一种广性后肠发酵动物营养的影响，我们测量了北美三种常见牧场植物——大艾草（Artemisia tridentata）、蓍草（Achillea millefolium）和蓝茎冰草（Pseudoregneria spicata）的营养和化学成分，以及这些变化如何影响矮兔（Brachylagus idahoensis）和东部棉尾兔（Sylvilagus floridanus）的体外干物质消化率和体内消化率。在美国华盛顿州普尔曼，用代表臭氧消耗15%的环境（1倍）或补充（1.6倍）UV-B辐射对草料进行3个月的照射。增强的UV-B辐射对草料的营养成分和单宁结合能力影响极小。同样，艾草和蓍草中的萜烯浓度不受较高UV-B辐照度的影响。艾草中的类黄酮化合物增加，而蓍草中的类黄酮化合物减少。任何草料品种的处理水平均未影响兔子的偏好和摄入量，处理之间在干物质、纤维、蛋白质消化率和表观可消化能量方面也未发现差异。
