Volf Callie A, Ontkean Gerald R, Bennett D Rodney, Chanasyk David S, Miller Jim J
Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, 100, 5401 1st Ave. South, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4V6.
J Environ Qual. 2007 Apr 5;36(3):730-41. doi: 10.2134/jeq2006.0269. Print 2007 May-Jun.
Manure applied to agricultural land at rates that exceed annual crop nutrient requirements can be a source of phosphorus in runoff. Manure incorporation is often recommended to reduce phosphorus losses in runoff. A small plot rainfall simulation study was conducted at three sites in Alberta to evaluate the effects of manure rate and incorporation on phosphorus losses. Treatments consisted of three solid beef cattle manure application rates (50, 100, and 200 kg ha(-1) total phosphorus), an unmanured control, and two incorporation methods (nonincorporated and incorporated with one pass of a double disk). Simulated rain was applied to soils with freshly applied and residual (1 yr after application) manure at 70 mm h(-1) to produce 30 min of runoff. Soil test phosphorus (STP), total phosphorus (TP), and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations in runoff increased with manure rate for fresh and residual manure. Initial abstraction and runoff volumes did not change with manure rate. Initial abstraction, runoff volumes, and phosphorus concentrations did not change with manure incorporation at Lacombe and Wilson, but initial abstraction volumes increased and runoff volumes and phosphorus concentrations decreased with incorporation of fresh manure at Beaverlodge. Phosphorus losses in runoff were directly related to phosphorus additions. Extraction coefficients (slopes of the regression lines) for the linear relationships between residual manure STP and phosphorus in runoff were 0.007 to 0.015 for runoff TP and 0.006 to 0.013 for runoff DRP. While incorporation of manure with a double disk had no significant effect on phosphorus losses in runoff from manure-amended soils 1 yr after application, incorporation of manure is still recommended to control nitrogen losses, improve crop nutrient uptake, and potentially reduce odor concerns.
以超过年度作物养分需求的速率施用于农田的粪肥可能是径流中磷的一个来源。通常建议将粪肥混入土壤以减少径流中的磷损失。在艾伯塔省的三个地点进行了一项小区降雨模拟研究，以评估粪肥施用量和混入方式对磷损失的影响。处理包括三种固体肉牛粪肥施用量（总磷分别为50、100和200 kg·ha⁻¹）、一个不施肥的对照以及两种混入方式（不混入和用双圆盘耙一次性混入）。以70 mm·h⁻¹的速率将模拟雨水施加到新施粪肥和残留粪肥（施用后1年）的土壤上，产生30分钟的径流。对于新鲜粪肥和残留粪肥，径流中的土壤有效磷（STP）、总磷（TP）和溶解性反应磷（DRP）浓度均随粪肥施用量的增加而增加。初始截留量和径流量不随粪肥施用量而变化。在拉康姆和威尔逊地区，初始截留量、径流量和磷浓度不随粪肥混入方式而变化，但在比弗洛吉地区，新鲜粪肥混入后初始截留量增加，径流量和磷浓度降低。径流中的磷损失与磷添加量直接相关。残留粪肥STP与径流中磷的线性关系的提取系数（回归线斜率），对于径流TP为0.007至0.015，对于径流DRP为0.006至0.013。虽然在施用1年后用双圆盘耙混入粪肥对粪肥改良土壤径流中的磷损失没有显著影响，但仍建议混入粪肥以控制氮损失、改善作物养分吸收并可能减少气味问题。
