TNF-alpha contributes to endothelial dysfunction by upregulating arginase in ischemia/reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND

We tested whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha increases arginase expression in endothelial cells as one of the primary mechanisms by which this inflammatory cytokine compromises endothelial function during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Mouse hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of global ischemia followed by 90 minutes of reperfusion and their vasoactivity before and after I/R was examined in wild-type (WT), tumor necrosis factor knockout (TNF-/-), and TNF 1.6 (TNF++/++) mice. In WT mice, dilation to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator ACh was blunted in I/R compared with sham control. L-arginine or arginase inhibitor NOHA restored NO-mediated coronary arteriolar dilation in WT I/R mice. O2(-) production was reduced by eNOS inhibitor, L-NAME, or NOHA in WT I/R mice. In TNF-/- mice, I/R did not alter Ach-induced vasodilation and O2(-) production compared with sham mice. The increase in arginase expression that occurs during I/R in WT mice was absent in TNF-/- mice. Arginase expression was confined largely to the endothelium and independent of inflammatory cell invasion. Arginase activity was markedly lower in TNF-/-, but higher in WT I/R than that in WT sham mice.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data demonstrate TNF-alpha upregulates expression of arginase in endothelial cells, which leads to O2(-) production then induces endothelial dysfunction in I/R injury.