Leung Vivian Yee-Fong, Chu Winnie Chiu-Wing, Yeung Chung-Kwong, Metreweli Constantine
Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Pediatr Radiol. 2007 May;37(5):417-25. doi: 10.1007/s00247-007-0433-1. Epub 2007 Mar 20.
This paper is a comprehensive review of the Doppler waveform appearance of ureteric jets. Six jet waveform patterns have been identified: monophasic, biphasic, triphasic, polyphasic, square and continuous. Details of the physical properties of jet patterns and their changes under various physiological conditions are illustrated. The immature monophasic ureteric jet pattern is common in infancy and early childhood up to around 4 years of age. This pattern is also noted to have a high incidence in older children with urinary tract infection/vesicoureteric reflux, nocturnal enuresis and in other special physiological conditions such as in children undergoing general anaesthesia, in women during pregnancy, and in patients who have had ureteric transplantation. A hypothesis of dual myogenic and neurogenic components is proposed to explain the mode of action of the vesicoureteric junction (VUJ). The implication of this hypothesis is that it alters the scientific basis of the understanding of the VUJ. Furthermore, the application of colour Doppler US to ureteric jets may provide a non-invasive technique to study the physiology or pathophysiology of the VUJ in humans. This might shed light on new novel approaches to the monitoring and treatment of diseases related to VUJ function.
本文是对输尿管喷流的多普勒波形表现的全面综述。已识别出六种喷流波形模式：单相、双相、三相、多相、方形和连续型。文中阐述了喷流模式的物理特性细节及其在各种生理条件下的变化。不成熟的单相输尿管喷流模式在婴儿期和幼儿期（直至约4岁）较为常见。在患有尿路感染/膀胱输尿管反流的大龄儿童、夜间遗尿症儿童以及处于其他特殊生理状态（如接受全身麻醉的儿童、孕期女性以及接受输尿管移植的患者）中，这种模式的发生率也较高。本文提出了一个关于肌源性和神经源性双重成分的假说，以解释膀胱输尿管连接部（VUJ）的作用方式。该假说的意义在于它改变了对VUJ理解的科学基础。此外，彩色多普勒超声应用于输尿管喷流可能提供一种无创技术来研究人类VUJ的生理或病理生理。这可能为监测和治疗与VUJ功能相关疾病的新方法提供线索。
