Sylvestre Bruno, Rodriguez Manuel J
Centre de Recherche en Aménagement et Développement, Université Laval, Québec, 1636 F. A. Savard, Que., Canada G1K 7P4.
J Environ Manage. 2008 Jul;88(1):28-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.01.042. Epub 2007 Apr 6.
Awareness of groundwater protection has increased substantially in recent decades. In the Province of Quebec, Canada, the Groundwater Catchment Regulation (GWCR) was promulgated in 2002 to protect water quality in public wells. The goal of the present study was to document groundwater protection in the context of emerging regulations and identify factors explaining the propensity of municipalities applying protection strategies. Two types of information were used in this study: data from a questionnaire-based survey conducted among 665 municipalities in the Province of Quebec and complementary information gathered from various sources. Data from the survey revealed that fewer than half of the municipalities have been able to comply with the GWCR, mainly because of financial limitations. Also, close to half of the municipalities have either identified or are expecting land use conflicts to arise between protection areas required by the GWCR and other land usage, with agriculture being the main conflicting activity. Multivariate logistic regression models served to identify factors explaining the likelihood of municipalities to take groundwater protection measures. Those factors were municipality revenue, history of water contamination in distribution systems, land use near wellheads, location of municipalities within a provincial priority watershed and the importance of groundwater use in a region. Results of the study may prove helpful for government authorities in better understanding the groundwater protection issue and in implementing strategies that improve the ability of municipalities to protect groundwater.
近几十年来，人们对地下水保护的意识大幅提高。在加拿大魁北克省，2002年颁布了《地下水集水区条例》（GWCR）以保护公共水井的水质。本研究的目的是记录新出现的法规背景下的地下水保护情况，并确定解释各市政当局采用保护策略倾向的因素。本研究使用了两种类型的信息：对魁北克省665个市政当局进行的基于问卷调查的数据，以及从各种来源收集的补充信息。调查数据显示，不到一半的市政当局能够遵守GWCR，主要原因是资金限制。此外，近一半的市政当局已经发现或预计GWCR要求的保护区与其他土地用途之间会出现土地使用冲突，农业是主要的冲突活动。多变量逻辑回归模型用于确定解释市政当局采取地下水保护措施可能性的因素。这些因素包括市政收入、配水系统中的水污染历史、井口附近的土地使用情况、市政当局在省级优先流域内的位置以及一个地区地下水使用的重要性。研究结果可能有助于政府当局更好地理解地下水保护问题，并实施提高市政当局保护地下水能力的策略。
