Fujino Yoshihisa, Matsuda Shinya
Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2007 Feb;54(2):73-80.
Health effects are often overlooked in the planning of policies, programmes or projects, which has led to international and national pressure for evaluation of potential influence. For this reason, Health Impact Assessment (HIA) has been emphasized by many national governments and international organizations such as the European Union and WHO. HIA is a helpful decision-making tool with methodology that was defined as "a combination of procedures, methods, and tools by which a policy, a program or a project may be judged as to its potential effects on health of a population and the distribution of effects within the population" in the WHO Gothenburg paper. In recent decades, many HIAs have been implemented for proposals including building new airports, dams, employment strategy, and housing policy. However, there is very little information on HIA in Japan, even among public health professionals and policy makers. In this review, we introduce basic concepts and theory, and discuss how to improve HIA activities in Japan.
在政策、计划或项目的规划过程中，健康影响常常被忽视，这导致了来自国际和国内要求评估潜在影响的压力。因此，许多国家政府以及欧盟和世界卫生组织等国际组织都强调了健康影响评估（HIA）。HIA是一种有用的决策工具，其方法在世界卫生组织哥德堡文件中被定义为“一套程序、方法和工具的组合，通过这些可以判断一项政策、一个计划或一个项目对人群健康的潜在影响以及这些影响在人群中的分布情况”。近几十年来，许多健康影响评估已针对包括新建机场、水坝、就业战略和住房政策等提案实施。然而，在日本，即使在公共卫生专业人员和政策制定者中，关于健康影响评估的信息也非常少。在本综述中，我们介绍基本概念和理论，并讨论如何在日本改进健康影响评估活动。
