Schmitz Hermes J, Valente Vera L S, Hofmann Paulo R P
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Lab. Drosophila, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS.
Neotrop Entomol. 2007 Jan-Feb;36(1):53-64. doi: 10.1590/s1519-566x2007000100007.
Assemblages of drosophilids have been characterised in several environments of the Brazilian territory, like the Atlantic Rain Forest, urban areas, cerrados, the Amazon Forest, and others. The present survey is the first attempt to characterise the fauna of Drosophilidae in mangrove forests, an environment typical of tropical coasts worldwide. Twenty-eight samples were collected from the three main mangrove forests of Santa Catarina Island, southern Brazil, using banana-baited traps hung in trees. Samples were taken in January (summer), April (autumn), July (winter) and October (spring) between July 2002 and July 2005. In total, 82,942 specimens of drosophilids were caught, belonging to 69 species of six genera - Amiota Loew, Drosophila Fallén, Leucophenga Mik, Scaptodrosophila Duda, Zaprionus Coquillett and Zygothrica Wiedemann. The high abundance of D. simulans Sturtevant was remarkable, with some notable peaks of D. malerkotliana Parshad & Paika in autumn samples. Other common species were Zaprionus indianus Gupta, D. mediostriata Duda and D. willistoni Sturtevant. We also collected 45,826 flies of family Curtonotidae, the sister-group of Drosophilidae virtually absent in other environments. The assemblages of drosophilids were very similar in the three mangrove forests surveyed, despite the different surrounding environments. In general, the species sampled in the mangroves were the same as those observed in the surrounding environments, but in varying abundances. This suggests that drosophilids are differently affected by environmental pressures operating in mangroves.
果蝇类群已在巴西境内的多种环境中得到了特征描述，如大西洋雨林、城市地区、塞拉多斯、亚马逊森林等。本次调查是首次尝试对红树林中的果蝇科动物区系进行特征描述，红树林是全球热带海岸的典型环境。在巴西南部圣卡塔琳娜岛的三个主要红树林中，使用悬挂在树上的香蕉诱饵诱捕器收集了28个样本。样本采集时间为2002年7月至2005年7月间的1月（夏季）、4月（秋季）、7月（冬季）和10月（春季）。总共捕获了82942只果蝇标本，分属于六个属的69个物种——阿米亚果蝇属（Amiota Loew）、果蝇属（Drosophila Fallén）、白果蝇属（Leucophenga Mik）、锯果蝇属（Scaptodrosophila Duda）、扎普果蝇属（Zaprionus Coquillett）和斑果蝇属（Zygothrica Wiedemann）。斯图尔特氏拟果蝇（D. simulans Sturtevant）的高丰度很显著，在秋季样本中，马勒科特利亚纳果蝇（D. malerkotliana Parshad & Paika）出现了一些明显的峰值。其他常见物种有印度扎普果蝇（Zaprionus indianus Gupta）、中纹果蝇（D. mediostriata Duda）和威氏果蝇（D. willistoni Sturtevant）。我们还收集了45826只弯翅蝇科的苍蝇，弯翅蝇科是果蝇科的姐妹群，在其他环境中几乎不存在。尽管周围环境不同，但在所调查的三个红树林中，果蝇类群非常相似。一般来说，红树林中采样的物种与周围环境中观察到的物种相同，但丰度不同。这表明果蝇受到红树林中环境压力的影响不同。
