Vaginal hyperplasia in the bitch: Literature review and commentary.

We reviewed the incidence, etiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatments and prevention of canine vaginal hyperplasia, and describe a simple surgical technique for its correction as practiced at the Small Animal Clinic, State University of Utrecht, The Netherlands. Many different treatments have been used, and some are novel approaches. In many cases, prevention is accomplished if the bitch is ovariectomized; there is a high incidence of recurrence with medical treatment.