Nieto Nathan C, Dabritz Haydee, Foley Patrick, Drazenovich Niki, Calder Lee, Adjemian Jennifer, Conrad Patricia A, Foley Janet E
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, Center for Vector-borne Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2007 Mar;44(2):328-35. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[328:edaetv]2.0.co;2.
A survey of wild rodents was performed in the Morro Bay area of central coastal California to determine serological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Dumler, Barbet, Bekker, Dasch, Palmer, Ray, Rikihisa, and Rurangirwa, Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmidt, Hyde, Steigerwalt, and Brenner, Francisella tularensis McCoy, and Yersinia pestis Yersin; to describe the ectoparasitic fauna on important vector-borne disease hosts; and to determine whether pathogen exposure was associated with infestation by ectoparasites. We trapped 411 rodents from 10 species in 2004 and 2005. Anaplasma phagocytophilum exposure was detected in 11% of all wild rodents tested, with seropositive animals in eight species. Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected by PCR amplification in Neotoma fuscipes Baird and Reithrodontomys megalotis Baird (0.6% of all rodents). Yersinia spp. exposure was identified in 3.2% of all rodents tested, with highest detected exposure in peridomestic rodents, Mus musculus L. (20%), and Rattus rattus L. (50%). No individuals tested positive for the Y. pestis pla gene by PCR. In total, 338 fleas were identified from each of 10 rodent species examined. The most abundant flea was Malareus telchinus Rothschild. Relative density of flea infestation was highest on Spermophilus beecheyi Richardson and Microtus californicus Peale. Ticks recovered from trapped animals included Ixodes angustus Neumann, Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls, Ixodes spinipalpis Hadwen & Nuttall, and Dermacentor occidentalis Marx. Given the moderate climate and diversity of rodents and arthropods in the Morro Bay area, ongoing investigation of this region will be helpful in understanding disease maintenance cycles.
在加利福尼亚州中部沿海的莫罗湾地区对野生啮齿动物进行了一项调查，以确定嗜吞噬细胞无形体（杜姆勒、巴贝、贝克尔、达施、帕尔默、雷、岸久寿和鲁兰吉尔瓦）、伯氏疏螺旋体（约翰逊、施密特、海德、斯泰格瓦尔特和布伦纳）、土拉弗朗西斯菌（麦科伊）和鼠疫耶尔森菌的血清学和聚合酶链反应（PCR）患病率；描述重要媒介传播疾病宿主身上的外寄生虫动物群；并确定病原体暴露是否与外寄生虫感染有关。我们在2004年和2005年捕获了来自10个物种的411只啮齿动物。在所有接受检测的野生啮齿动物中，11%检测出嗜吞噬细胞无形体暴露，8个物种中有血清阳性动物。通过PCR扩增在棕刚毛囊鼠（贝尔德和里斯）和大林姬鼠（贝尔德）中检测到嗜吞噬细胞无形体DNA（占所有啮齿动物的0.6%）。在所有接受检测的啮齿动物中，3.2%检测出耶尔森菌属暴露，在近家栖啮齿动物小家鼠（林奈）（20%）和褐家鼠（林奈）（50%）中检测到的暴露率最高。通过PCR检测，没有个体的鼠疫耶尔森菌pla基因呈阳性。从所检查的10种啮齿动物的每一种中总共鉴定出338只跳蚤。最常见的跳蚤是罗氏玛拉蚤。跳蚤感染的相对密度在海岸黄鼠（理查森）和加利福尼亚田鼠（皮尔）身上最高。从捕获动物身上回收的蜱包括窄板硬蜱（诺伊曼）、太平洋硬蜱（库利和科尔兹）、刺背硬蜱（哈德温和纳托尔）和西方革蜱（马克思）。鉴于莫罗湾地区气候温和，啮齿动物和节肢动物种类多样，对该地区的持续调查将有助于了解疾病维持周期。
