哺乳期状态会改变女性体内酒精的药代动力学。
Lactational state modifies alcohol pharmacokinetics in women.
作者信息
Pepino Marta Yanina, Steinmeyer Allison L, Mennella Julie A
机构信息
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
出版信息
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Jun;31(6):909-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00387.x. Epub 2007 Apr 13.
BACKGROUND
Given the physiological adaptations of the digestive system during lactation, the present study tested the hypothesis that lactation alters alcohol pharmacokinetics.
METHODS
Lactating women who were exclusively breastfeeding a 2- to 5-month-old infant and 2 control groups of nonlactating women were studied. The first control group consisted of women who were exclusively formula-feeding similarly aged infants, whereas the other consisted of women who had never given birth. A within-subjects design study was conducted such that women drank a 0.4 g/kg dose of alcohol following a 12-hour overnight fast during one test session (fasted condition) or 60 minutes after consuming a standard breakfast during the other (fed condition). Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels and mood states were obtained at fixed intervals before and after alcohol consumption.
RESULTS
Under both conditions, the resultant BAC levels at each time point were significantly lower and the area under the blood alcohol time curve were significantly smaller in lactating women when compared with the 2 groups of nonlactating women. That such changes were due to lactation per se and not due to recent parturient events was suggested by the finding that alcohol pharmacokinetics of nonlactating mothers, who were tested at a similar time postpartum, were no different from women who had never given birth. Despite lower BAC levels in lactating mothers, there were no significant differences among the 3 groups of women in the stimulant effects of alcohol. However, lactating women did differ in the sedative effects of alcohol when compared with nulliparous but not formula-feeding mothers. That is, both groups of parous women felt sedated for shorter periods of time when compared with nulliparous women.
CONCLUSIONS
The systemic availability of alcohol was diminished during lactation. However, the reduced availability of alcohol in lactating women did not result in corresponding changes in the subjective effects of alcohol.
背景
鉴于哺乳期消化系统的生理适应性，本研究检验了哺乳期会改变酒精药代动力学这一假设。
方法
对正在纯母乳喂养2至5个月大婴儿的哺乳期妇女以及两组非哺乳期妇女对照组进行了研究。第一组对照组由用配方奶纯喂养年龄相仿婴儿的妇女组成，另一组由从未生育过的妇女组成。采用受试者内设计研究，让妇女在一次测试时段内禁食12小时后饮用0.4 g/kg剂量的酒精（禁食状态），或在另一次测试时段内食用标准早餐60分钟后饮用（进食状态）。在饮酒前后的固定时间间隔测量血酒精浓度（BAC）水平和情绪状态。
结果
在两种状态下，与两组非哺乳期妇女相比，哺乳期妇女在每个时间点的血酒精浓度水平均显著更低，血酒精时间曲线下面积也显著更小。产后相似时间接受测试的非哺乳期母亲的酒精药代动力学与从未生育过的妇女无异，这一发现表明这些变化是由哺乳期本身导致的，而非近期的分娩事件所致。尽管哺乳期母亲的血酒精浓度水平较低，但三组妇女在酒精的兴奋作用方面并无显著差异。然而，与未生育但非配方奶喂养的母亲相比，哺乳期妇女在酒精的镇静作用方面存在差异。也就是说，与未生育妇女相比，两组已生育妇女感到镇静的时间较短。
结论
哺乳期酒精的全身可用性降低。然而，哺乳期妇女酒精可用性的降低并未导致酒精主观效应的相应变化。
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