Dietrich Alexander, Kalwa Hermann, Fuchs Beate, Grimminger Friedrich, Weissmann Norbert, Gudermann Thomas
Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
Cell Calcium. 2007 Aug;42(2):233-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ceca.2007.02.009. Epub 2007 Apr 11.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the industrialized countries. The cardiovascular system includes the systemic blood circulation, the heart and the pulmonary circulation providing sufficient blood flow and oxygen to peripheral tissues and organs according to their metabolic demand. This review focuses on three major cell types of the cardiovascular system: myocytes of the heart as well as smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells from the systemic and pulmonary circulation. Ion channels initiate and regulate contraction in all three cell types, and the identification of their genes has significantly improved our knowledge of signal transduction pathways in these cells. Among the ion channels expressed in smooth muscle cells, cation channels of the TRPC family allow for the entry of Na(+) and Ca(2+). Physiological functions of TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5, TRPC6 and TRPC7 in the cardiovascular system, dissected by down-regulating channel activity in isolated tissues or by the analysis of gene-deficient mouse models, are reviewed. Possible functional roles and physiological regulation of TRPCs as homomeric or heteromeric channels in these cell types are discussed. Moreover, TRP channels may also be responsible for pathophysiological processes of the cardiovascular system like hypertension as well as cardiac hypertrophy and increased endothelial permeability.
心血管疾病是工业化国家的主要死因。心血管系统包括体循环、心脏和肺循环，可根据外周组织和器官的代谢需求为其提供充足的血流和氧气。本综述聚焦于心血管系统的三种主要细胞类型：心脏的心肌细胞以及体循环和肺循环中的平滑肌细胞和内皮细胞。离子通道启动并调节这三种细胞类型的收缩，其基因的鉴定显著增进了我们对这些细胞中信号转导途径的了解。在平滑肌细胞中表达的离子通道中，TRPC家族的阳离子通道允许Na(+)和Ca(2+)进入。本文综述了通过下调离体组织中的通道活性或通过分析基因缺陷小鼠模型所剖析的TRPC1、TRPC3、TRPC4、TRPC5、TRPC6和TRPC7在心血管系统中的生理功能。讨论了TRPCs作为这些细胞类型中的同源或异源通道可能的功能作用和生理调节。此外，TRP通道也可能与心血管系统的病理生理过程有关，如高血压、心脏肥大和内皮通透性增加。
