Smith Jaclyn A, Tierney Simon M, Park Yung Chul, Fuller Susan, Schwarz Michael P
Flinders University, School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2007 Jun;43(3):1131-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.028. Epub 2007 Feb 6.
Phylogenetic studies on insect social parasites have found very close host-parasite relationships, and these have often been interpreted as providing evidence for sympatric speciation. However, such phylogenetic inferences are problematic because events occurring after the origin of parasitism, such as extinction, host switching and subsequent speciation, or an incomplete sampling of taxa, could all confound the interpretation of phylogenetic relationships. Using a tribe of bees where social parasitism has repeatedly evolved over a wide time-scale, we show the problems associated with phylogenetic inference of sympatric speciation. Host-parasite relationships of more ancient species appear to support sympatric speciation, whereas in a case where parasitism has evolved very recently, sympatric speciation can be ruled out. However, in this latter case, a single extinction event would have lead to relationships that support sympatric speciation, indicating the importance of considering divergence ages when analysing the modes of social parasite evolution.
对昆虫社会寄生虫的系统发育研究发现了非常紧密的宿主 - 寄生虫关系，这些关系常常被解释为同域物种形成的证据。然而，这样的系统发育推断存在问题，因为寄生起源后发生的事件，如灭绝、宿主转换及随后的物种形成，或者分类单元采样不完整，都可能混淆系统发育关系的解释。利用一个蜜蜂部落，在其中社会寄生现象在广泛的时间尺度上反复进化，我们展示了与同域物种形成的系统发育推断相关的问题。更古老物种的宿主 - 寄生虫关系似乎支持同域物种形成，而在寄生现象最近才进化的情况下，可以排除同域物种形成。然而，在后一种情况下，一次单一的灭绝事件就会导致支持同域物种形成的关系，这表明在分析社会寄生虫进化模式时考虑分歧时间的重要性。
