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嗅觉颗粒细胞:从经典谜团到嗅觉处理中的核心角色。

The olfactory granule cell: from classical enigma to central role in olfactory processing.

作者信息

Shepherd Gordon M, Chen Wei R, Willhite David, Migliore Michele, Greer Charles A

机构信息

Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.

出版信息

Brain Res Rev. 2007 Oct;55(2):373-82. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.03.005. Epub 2007 Mar 16.

Abstract

The granule cell of the olfactory bulb was first described by Golgi in 1875 and Cajal and his contemporaries in the 1890s as an enigmatic cell without an axon, whose status as a nerve cell was questionable. Insight into its functions began in the 1960s with evidence that it acted as an interneuron to mediate powerful inhibition of mitral cells. The circuit was found to involve dendrodendritic synapses for activation by mitral cell lateral dendrites of the granule cell dendritic spines and inhibition of the same and neighboring mitral cell lateral dendrites. Subsequent studies established the roles of glutamatergic receptors and GABAergic receptors in this circuit. The lateral inhibition is believed to be involved in contrast enhancement between mitral cells responding to different odor molecules. Current studies are analysing how the lateral inhibition can be mediated over arbitrary distances between columns of granule cells through action potential propagation in the mitral cell secondary dendrites. Among other important properties, granule cells undergo neurogenesis from precursor cells throughout adult life. This originally enigmatic cell thus appears to play a critical role in olfactory processing.

摘要

嗅球颗粒细胞最早由高尔基在1875年以及卡哈尔和他同时代的人在19世纪90年代描述为一种没有轴突的神秘细胞,其作为神经细胞的地位存疑。对其功能的深入了解始于20世纪60年代,有证据表明它作为中间神经元介导对二尖瓣细胞的强大抑制作用。发现该回路涉及树突 - 树突突触,通过颗粒细胞树突棘的二尖瓣细胞侧树突激活,并抑制相同和相邻的二尖瓣细胞侧树突。随后的研究确定了谷氨酸能受体和GABA能受体在该回路中的作用。侧向抑制被认为与响应不同气味分子的二尖瓣细胞之间的对比度增强有关。目前的研究正在分析侧向抑制如何通过二尖瓣细胞二级树突中的动作电位传播在颗粒细胞柱之间的任意距离上介导。在其他重要特性中,颗粒细胞在整个成年期都从前体细胞进行神经发生。因此,这种最初神秘的细胞似乎在嗅觉处理中起着关键作用。

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