Alexopoulos G S, Mattis S
Cornell University Medical College.
Geriatrics. 1991 Dec;46(12):33-8, 43-4.
The recognition of cognitive disturbances in geriatric patients has important clinical implications for the primary care physician. Commonly seen cognitive dysfunctions include dementia, pseudodementia, delirium, and frontal lobe syndrome; these may be confounded by overlapping depression. The cognitive examination covers such intellectual and behavioral functions as attention, memory, and language. As many psychiatric disorders result from neurologic brain disease, a psychiatric examination is essential. Mental status questionnaires are useful for screening of high-risk populations for dementia and to quantify the degree of cognitive dysfunction for purposes of management planning and surveillance.
认识老年患者的认知障碍对基层医疗医生具有重要的临床意义。常见的认知功能障碍包括痴呆、假性痴呆、谵妄和额叶综合征；这些可能会因合并抑郁症而混淆。认知检查涵盖注意力、记忆力和语言等智力和行为功能。由于许多精神疾病是由神经性脑部疾病引起的，所以进行精神检查至关重要。心理状态问卷有助于筛查痴呆高危人群，并为管理规划和监测目的量化认知功能障碍的程度。
