Ultrasound screening for familial ovarian cancer.

We have used transvaginal ultrasonography to screen 776 asymptomatic women for familial ovarian cancer. Every woman had at least one first- or second-degree relative develop the disease (677, 87%; and 98, 13%, respectively). The mean age of the study population was 51 years (range, 24 to 78 years); 52% were premenopausal, 36% were naturally postmenopausal, and 12% had undergone a hysterectomy. Overall, 43 women (5.5%) were referred for surgical investigation and 39 had a laparatomy. Nineteen/thirty-nine (48%) had bilateral ovarian masses, and 15% of abnormal ovaries had more than one type of histopathology. Twenty-three tumors and thirty-two tumor-like conditions were detected. There were 3 cases of primary ovarian cancer (prevalence, 3.9/1000), all FIGO stage Ia. None of the women has developed ovarian cancer within the first year of the scan (giving a provisional detection rate of 100%). The false positive rate was 40/773 (5.2%), the predictive value of a positive screen result was 7.7%, and the odds in favor of finding any mass at laparotomy were about 19 to 1 or for any tumor, 1 to 1. At surgery the odds against finding primary ovarian cancer were 12 to 1. The positive predictive value of the screening procedure and the prevalence of the disease were significantly higher than the corresponding values from a previous population-based screening program.