Schmitt John, Zipperer Ben
Center for Economic and Policy Research, Washington, DC 20009, USA.
Int J Health Serv. 2007;37(1):15-45. doi: 10.2190/2550-1561-6L53-4636.
Advocates of U.S.-style labor market flexibility have long argued that Europe could generate jobs and lower unemployment if the continent's economies followed the example of the United States. More recently, proponents of the U.S. model have suggested that labor market deregulation also holds out the possibility of reducing the problem of "social exclusion" in Europe, primarily because unemployment is one of the worst forms of social exclusion and contributes to other forms of social marginalization. The authors review a broad range of social and economic indicators and conclude that the United States fares poorly compared with much of Europe on social measures. Meanwhile, U.S.-style flexibility has had only mixed success in improving employment outcomes, and the U.S. economy consistently provides lower levels of economic mobility than economies in Europe.
长期以来，主张美国式劳动力市场灵活性的人士一直认为，如果欧洲大陆的经济体效仿美国，就能创造就业机会并降低失业率。最近，美国模式的支持者提出，劳动力市场放松管制还有望减少欧洲的“社会排斥”问题，主要是因为失业是最严重的社会排斥形式之一，还会导致其他形式的社会边缘化。作者审视了一系列广泛的社会和经济指标，得出的结论是，在社会指标方面，美国与欧洲大部分国家相比表现不佳。与此同时，美国式的灵活性在改善就业成果方面成效不一，而且美国经济的经济流动性始终低于欧洲经济体。
