Ross Scott R, Hertenstein Matthew J, Wrobel Thomas A
Department of Psychology, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135, USA.
J Pers Assess. 2007 Apr;88(2):158-67. doi: 10.1080/00223890701267985.
In a sample composed of 162 young adults, we examined the generalizability of an orthogonal, 2-component model of forgiveness previously reported by Ross, Kendall, Matters, Rye, and Wrobel (2004). Furthermore, we examined the relationship of these two components with maladaptive personality characteristics as measured by the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP; Clark, 1993), with an emphasis on Five-factor model markers of personality. Using multiple measures of forgiveness, principal components analysis supported a 2-component model representing self-forgiveness and other forgiveness. Despite the independence of self-forgiveness and other forgiveness, zero order correlations with SNAP scales supported convergent more than discriminant validity. In contrast, hierarchical multiple regression analyses emphasized the discriminant validity of self-forgiveness and other forgiveness. Among indices of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Agreeableness, Negative Temperament (+) was the sole predictor of self-forgiveness. In contrast, Positive Temperament (+), Aggression (-), and Histrionic PD (-) were most associated with other forgiveness. Overall, these findings support the validity of these factors and highlight the importance of self-forgiveness in clinical assessment.
在一个由162名年轻人组成的样本中，我们检验了罗斯、肯德尔、马茨、瑞伊和弗罗贝尔（2004年）之前报告的一个正交的、两成分宽恕模型的普遍性。此外，我们还检验了这两个成分与由非适应性和适应性人格量表（SNAP；克拉克，1993年）所测量的适应不良人格特征之间的关系，重点关注人格的五因素模型指标。使用多种宽恕测量方法，主成分分析支持了一个代表自我宽恕和他人宽恕的两成分模型。尽管自我宽恕和他人宽恕相互独立，但与SNAP量表的零阶相关支持了聚合效度而非区分效度。相比之下，分层多元回归分析强调了自我宽恕和他人宽恕的区分效度。在神经质、外向性和宜人性指标中，消极气质（+）是自我宽恕的唯一预测因子。相比之下，积极气质（+）、攻击性（-）和表演型人格障碍（-）与他人宽恕最为相关。总体而言，这些发现支持了这些因素的效度，并突出了自我宽恕在临床评估中的重要性。
