[俄罗斯单纯性尿路感染病原体的耐药性]

[Resistance of causative agents of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in Russia].

作者信息

Rafal'skiĭ V V, Strachunskiĭ L S, Babkin P A, Valenskaia V S, Gabbasova L A, Dmitrieva O B, Emel'ianova I V, Krupin V N, Malev I V, Petrov S B, Rokhlikov I M, Furletova N M, Khaĭrullov A S

出版信息

Urologiia. 2006 Sep-Oct(5):34-7.

PMID:17444150

Abstract

A prospective epidemiological study of the spectrum of causative agents (CA) of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) in adult patients and CA resistance to antimicrobial drugs was conducted in nine cities of the Russian Federation in 2004-2005. Minimum inhibiting concentrations were ascertained by dilution in agar according to NCCLS (2000-2002) recommendations. The study has found that uncomplicated UTI are most frequently caused by E.coli (73.9%). Other CA occur much less frequently: K.pneumoniae--6.4%, E. faecalis--4.4%, S. epidermidis--4.1%, Staphylococcus spp--3.4%, others--2% patients. E. coli demonstrated high resistance to ampicilline (33.1%), co-trimoxasol (19.4%). Most active against E. coli were fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacine), the resistance being 4.8%; cefalosporins of the second and third generation (cefuroxim, ceftibuten), nitrofurantoin, no resistant strains were found.

摘要

2004年至2005年期间，在俄罗斯联邦的9个城市开展了一项前瞻性流行病学研究，旨在研究成年患者单纯性尿路感染（UTI）的病原体谱及病原体对抗菌药物的耐药性。根据美国国家临床实验室标准委员会（NCCLS，2000 - 2002年）的建议，通过琼脂稀释法确定最低抑菌浓度。研究发现，单纯性UTI最常见的病原体是大肠杆菌（73.9%）。其他病原体的出现频率要低得多：肺炎克雷伯菌——6.4%，粪肠球菌——4.4%，表皮葡萄球菌——4.1%，葡萄球菌属——3.4%，其他——2%的患者。大肠杆菌对氨苄西林（33.1%）、复方新诺明（19.4%）表现出高耐药性。对大肠杆菌最有效的是氟喹诺酮类药物（诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星），耐药率为4.8%；第二代和第三代头孢菌素（头孢呋辛、头孢布烯）、呋喃妥因，未发现耐药菌株。