Trivedi V B, Dave A P, Dave J M, Patel B C
Transplantation Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Services and Immunohematology, Dr H.L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Transplant Proc. 2007 Apr;39(3):688-93. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2007.01.066.
Human leukocyte antigens (HLA), the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), an integral part of maintenance of immune surveillance, have been widely studied for their roles in transplantation biology. A donor with an identical HLA system can donate tissue more successfully than the one who is not matched. The MHC is divided into class I, II, and III antigens; class I and II play important roles in transplantation immunology. HLA is codominantly expressed on chromosome 6 in every individual; HLA-A, -B, and -DR is known as the "haplo-type." There are two sets of HLA antigens in each individual. Thus a child can inherit four different haplo-type combinations from parents. There is a 25% chance of totally matched or mismatched siblings and a 50% chance of half-matched siblings among a family with parents being a 50% match. The main purpose of HLA typing and lymphocyte crossmatching (LCM) in transplantation is to assess donor-recipient immune compatibility and identify the presence of preformed donor-specific cytotoxic alloantibodies in the recipient. It can be tested by serology or molecular techniques. We studied 8462 individuals for HLA typing by serology supplemented with molecular techniques (sequence-specific primers with low resolution). The common alleles were HLA-A19 (9.4%), -A1 (7.7%), -A2 (7.2%), -B5 (10.2%), -B35 (6.6%), -B40 (5.3%), -DR2 (10.2%), -DR5 (7.5%), and -DR7 (5.1%). HLA typing and LCM testing support successful transplantation.
人类白细胞抗原（HLA）是主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）的人类形式，是维持免疫监视不可或缺的一部分，其在移植生物学中的作用已得到广泛研究。具有相同HLA系统的供体比不匹配的供体更能成功捐献组织。MHC分为I类、II类和III类抗原；I类和II类在移植免疫学中起重要作用。HLA在每个个体的6号染色体上共显性表达；HLA - A、- B和 - DR被称为“单倍型”。每个个体有两套HLA抗原。因此，孩子可以从父母那里继承四种不同的单倍型组合。在父母为50%匹配的家庭中，同胞完全匹配或完全不匹配的几率为25%，半匹配的几率为50%。移植中HLA分型和淋巴细胞交叉配型（LCM）的主要目的是评估供体 - 受体的免疫相容性，并确定受体中是否存在预先形成的供体特异性细胞毒性同种抗体。它可以通过血清学或分子技术进行检测。我们采用血清学方法并辅以分子技术（低分辨率序列特异性引物）对8462名个体进行了HLA分型。常见等位基因有HLA - A19（9.4%）、- A1（7.7%）、- A2（7.2%）、- B5（10.2%）、- B35（6.6%）、- B40（5.3%）、- DR2（10.2%）、- DR5（7.5%）和 - DR7（5.1%）。HLA分型和LCM检测有助于移植成功。
