Carmen Jessica, Magnus Tim, Cassiani-Ingoni Riccardo, Sherman Larry, Rao Mahendra S, Mattson Mark P
Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Prog Neurobiol. 2007 Jun;82(3):151-62. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.03.001. Epub 2007 Mar 18.
The lineages of both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes have been popular areas of research in the last decade. The source of these cells in the mature CNS is relevant to the study of the cellular response to CNS injury. A significant amount of evidence exists to suggest that resident precursor cells proliferate and differentiate into mature glial cells that facilitate tissue repair and recovery. Additionally, the re-entry of mature astrocytes into the cell cycle can also contribute to the pool of new astrocytes that are observed following CNS injury. In order to better understand the glial response to injury in the adult CNS we must revisit the astrocyte-oligodendrocyte relationship. Specifically, we argue that there is a common glial precursor cell from which astrocytes and oligodendrocytes differentiate and that the microenvironment surrounding the injury determines the fate of the stimulated precursor cell. Ideally, better understanding the origin of new glial cells in the injured CNS will facilitate the development of therapeutics targeted to alter the glial response in a beneficial way.
在过去十年中，星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞的谱系一直是热门的研究领域。这些细胞在成熟中枢神经系统中的来源与对中枢神经系统损伤的细胞反应研究相关。大量证据表明，驻留前体细胞增殖并分化为成熟的神经胶质细胞，促进组织修复和恢复。此外，成熟星形胶质细胞重新进入细胞周期也可导致中枢神经系统损伤后观察到的新星形胶质细胞库的形成。为了更好地理解成年中枢神经系统中神经胶质细胞对损伤的反应，我们必须重新审视星形胶质细胞与少突胶质细胞的关系。具体而言，我们认为存在一种共同的神经胶质前体细胞，星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞从中分化而来，并且损伤周围的微环境决定了受刺激前体细胞的命运。理想情况下，更好地了解受损中枢神经系统中新神经胶质细胞的起源将有助于开发以有益方式改变神经胶质细胞反应的疗法。
