Follow-up of patients with colorectal cancer: the evidence is in favour but we are still in need of a protocol.

The prevalence of colorectal cancer is high in the western world and follow-up after treatment of the primary tumour is claimed to consume resources that could be used in improving screening and early diagnosis. Although some patients with recurrent disease can be treated successfully there has been a debate on whether an overall improvement in survival is achieved by follow-up. There is no agreement on a follow-up protocol of investigations. A review via a Medline search of all published studies and reports on the issue of follow-up of colorectal cancer dated from 1975-2006. We examined retrospective and prospective studies, randomised controlled trials, and meta-analyses attempting to identify the optimum follow-up protocol. There is widespread diversity of follow-up policies for colorectal cancer. Follow-up of colorectal cancer does not have a negative impact on Quality of life. There is no evidence that annual colonoscopy provides any survival advantage. It has been shown that intensive follow-up with frequent carcinoembryonic antigen measurement has a survival advantage and is cost-efficient. Similar evidence seems to be gathering about liver imaging with CT scan although it is less conclusive.