Reynolds Hayley M, Dunbar P Rod, Uren Roger F, Thompson John F, Smith Nicolas P
The Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2007 Aug;35(8):1444-57. doi: 10.1007/s10439-007-9315-9. Epub 2007 Apr 24.
This study describes three-dimensional (3D) visualization of two-dimensional (2D) melanoma lymphatic mapping data, to provide a framework for analysis of melanoma spread patterns and a platform for recording new lymphoscintigraphy (LS) data more accurately in 3D. Specifically, the Sydney Melanoma Unit's LS database of over 5000 patients' primary cutaneous melanoma sites and sentinel lymph nodes have been mapped from 2D images onto a 3D anatomically based model. Anatomically accurate model geometries were created using the Visible Human dataset, giving a bicubic finite element skin mesh and discrete sentinel lymph node model. The full dataset of 2D melanoma site coordinates, excluding the head and neck, has been transformed onto this 3D skin mesh via free-form deformation and projection techniques. Sentinel lymph nodes were mapped onto the generic lymph node model for each patient. Preliminary spatial analysis indicates that a patient with a primary melanoma on the torso around the waist (on the standardized 3D model this region is 180 mm above and 130 mm below the umbilicus) with lymphatic drainage to the left axilla or left groin, will have a 17.7% probability of dual drainage to both node fields, with 95% confidence limits between 14.5 and 21.0%.
本研究描述了二维（2D）黑色素瘤淋巴绘图数据的三维（3D）可视化，以提供一个分析黑色素瘤扩散模式的框架，并提供一个更准确地以三维方式记录新的淋巴闪烁造影（LS）数据的平台。具体而言，悉尼黑色素瘤研究室拥有超过5000例患者原发性皮肤黑色素瘤部位和前哨淋巴结的LS数据库，这些数据已从二维图像映射到基于三维解剖结构的模型上。利用可视人数据集创建了解剖学上精确的模型几何结构，得到了一个双三次有限元皮肤网格和离散的前哨淋巴结模型。通过自由形式变形和投影技术，将不包括头颈部的二维黑色素瘤部位坐标的完整数据集转换到这个三维皮肤网格上。为每位患者将前哨淋巴结映射到通用淋巴结模型上。初步空间分析表明，一名原发性黑色素瘤位于腰部周围躯干的患者（在标准化三维模型上，该区域位于脐部上方180毫米和下方130毫米处），其淋巴引流至左腋窝或左腹股沟，双引流至两个淋巴结区域的概率为17.7%，95%置信区间在14.5%至21.0%之间。
