Szarmach I J, Wawrzyn-Sobczak K, Kaczyńska J, Kozłowska M, Stokowska W
Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Białystok, Poland.
Adv Med Sci. 2006;51 Suppl 1:213-6.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the dependence of gingival recession, malocclusion and factors that may lead to recessions of the gingiva in patients applying for orthodontical treatment.
The study involved 52 randomly selected patients treated with fixed appliances due to occlusal irregularities and dental abnormalities. Data obtained from the examination and selected parameters from cephalometric analysis were placed in a chart including ANB skeletal class and Wits parameter, lower incisor position IMPA, dental abnormalities, extractions due to orthodontical indications and recession etiopathic factors. Statistical analysis of obtained data was conducted using variance analysis. Statistically significant were assumed those calculations for which value of significance level p < or = 0.05.
Recession was observed in 18 patients of the 52 examined. Skeletal I class was found in 11 patients (61.12%) and in 8 cases Wits parameter corresponded with skeletal class III (44.4%). Among the patients examined normal incisor inclination was observed in 6 patients (33.33%), whereas 12 cases revealed inclination irregularities (66.66%). Clinical examination disclosed dental defects in 13 patients (72.22%) and in 12 cases recession etiopathic factors were recognized (66.66%). Statistically significant differences between periodontal biotype and gingival recession of 43, 31, 33 teeth were estimated.
Anatomical factors, malocclusion and dental irregularities were fund to be the main cause of the single and/or multiple recessions. Patients applying for orthodontic treatment due to occlusal abnormalities should remain under particular control in case of symptoms suggesting the incidence of recession, particularly when recessions are already present.
本研究旨在评估正畸治疗患者牙龈退缩、错牙合畸形以及可能导致牙龈退缩的因素之间的相关性。
本研究纳入了52例因咬合不齐和牙齿异常而接受固定矫治器治疗的随机选择患者。从检查中获得的数据以及头影测量分析中选定的参数被记录在一张图表中，包括ANB骨骼类型和Wits参数、下切牙位置IMPA、牙齿异常、正畸指征导致的拔牙以及退缩病因因素。使用方差分析对获得的数据进行统计分析。对于显著性水平p≤0.05的计算，认为具有统计学意义。
在52例接受检查的患者中，有18例观察到牙龈退缩。11例患者（61.12%）为骨骼I类，8例患者（44.4%）的Wits参数与骨骼III类相对应。在接受检查的患者中，6例（33.33%）观察到正常的切牙倾斜度，而12例（66.66%）显示倾斜度异常。临床检查发现13例患者（72.22%）存在牙齿缺陷，12例患者（66.66%）存在退缩病因因素。估计43颗、31颗、33颗牙齿的牙周生物型与牙龈退缩之间存在统计学显著差异。
解剖因素、错牙合畸形和牙齿不齐被认为是单一和/或多个牙龈退缩的主要原因。因咬合异常而接受正畸治疗的患者，若出现提示牙龈退缩发生的症状，尤其是已经存在牙龈退缩时，应受到特别关注。
